408 Essays. 



rally ; while tlie foreign dog was also the cause of the entire loss of 

 their own peculiar little dog, to them a most useful animal ; and the pig 

 caused them an enormous amount of extra work in everywhere fencing 

 their many cultivations, as well as became the cause of much dissension, 

 strife, and fighting. It is highly instructive to trace and to see the great 

 and important changes, affecting even the destiny of peoples and nations, 

 which are sometimes brought about by appa,rently unimportant and trivial 

 circumstances. 



1. Foreign or External. 



55. From their discovery hy Coolc in 1769, to tlie visit of Governor King 

 in 1794. — This first quarter of the past century seems to be a very proper 

 division, beginning and ending with their two greatest known foreign bene- 

 factors during that period. Cook found the New Zealanders numerous, 

 healthy, strong, industrious, abounding in children, contented, and happy. 

 As is weU known, he visited New Zealand five times during the years 1769- 

 1777, on two of which visits he was also accompanied by Captain Furneaux. 

 From Cook the New Zealanders received many valuable things, more espe- 

 cially the pig and potato, which have proved an incalculable blessing to 

 the people. Unfortunately, Cook was obliged to show them his superiority, 

 by using his firearms no less than twelve times during his first visit, and to 

 shed blood on each occasion, through Avhich several natives lost their lives. 

 That more serious collisions did not take place was, without doubt, owing 

 both to his able manner of dealing with them, and to his having with him 

 the Tahitian islander Tupaea, whose services as interpreter must have been 

 invaluable ; and yet not always appreciated by the New Zealanders, as the 

 lamentable affray at Cape Kidnappers, when they kidnapped and carried off 

 his son Taieto, fully shows. It is remarkable that while Cook was on the 

 coast, during his first visit in 1769, the Erench navigator D'UrviUe also 

 visited New Zealand, and spent some time at anchor at Doubtless Bay, near 

 the North Cape, during which he surveyed it, naming it Lauriston Bay.* 

 Unfortunately, D'UrviUe, after receiving great kindness from the natives, 

 came also into collision with them, burnt down their village, and carried off 

 their principal chief, Kinui, prisoner. This chief died of a broken heart on 

 board of D'Urville's ship three months after, when off the island of Juan 

 Fernandez. In 1771, only a few weeks after Cook's return to England, the 

 celebrated Dr. Eranklin projected a scheme for the civilization of the New 

 Zealanders. His proposals were printed and circulated ; but, owing to the 

 sad massacre of M. Marion and his crew, which took place early in the 

 following year, or some other cause, they were never carried out. In 1772, 



* Published by tlie Hydrograpliic Office, London. 



