HOOKWORM INFECTION. 241 



cent, whereas in the hookworm series, this figure was reached by 20 out 

 of 26 of the cases. No control shows 13 per cent or above, whereas 9 

 (or 34 per cent) of the cases harboring hookworms gave an eosinophile 

 count of 13 per cent or above. Tlie lowest count in the control cases 

 was 0.3 per cent, and the highest 12.80, whereas in the others the lowest 

 was 0.3 per cent and the highest 21.9. It is to be noted in the control 

 series that individuals with Trichuris or Ascaris, or both together, hardly 

 show any deviation from nonnal (0.5 to 4.00 per cent, Cabot), those hav- 

 ing high eosinophile counts harbored amoebse or Tcenia. Chamberlain ( 6 ) 

 in his work on light infection with uncinai'ia among southern-bred white 

 soldiers found eosinophilia to be present in the majority of cases, the 

 lowest count being 1 per cent and the highest 26. 



The percentage of haemoglobin in the control series varied from 80 

 to 95. In the cases infected with hookworms, the percentage was from 

 75 to 95. The count of the red and white cells does not show any 

 marked ' difference between the two series ; the lowest for red cells in 

 the hookworm cases is 4,000,000 per cubic centimeter whereas in the 

 control cases it was 4,500,000. 



In two instances (3 and 12), albumin was found in the urine but 

 this occuiTcnce can be attributed to nephritis which was independent of 

 the hookworm infection. 



The number of hookworms recovered varied from 1 to .30, this small 

 number corresponding to the paucity of eggs found in the microscopic 

 preparations. 



One ease lias been followed closely: 



Case 17. — N". S., age 23, from Gerona, Tarlac. Patient previously was a clerk. 

 Examination of the faeces, April 1.3, 1910, ova of Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm 

 were found. 



Previous diseases. — ^No tuberculosis, no malaria. 



Present complaint. — ^The only complaint is fleeting pains in the gastric region, 

 about one and one-half inches to the left of the median line at the level of the 

 costal border. This pain existed for more than three years and occurs especially 

 in the morning when the patient's feet are bare and cold. The pain is dull and 

 when it occurs there is simultaneously the appearance of thin watery saliva. 

 This condition lasts from one to three days and is repeated several times a 

 month. It has no connection with the patient's food. 



Physical examination. — The conjunctiva are of good color, the tongue not coated, 

 plantar surface not fissured. No murmur in heart, slight accentuation of the 

 pulmonic second sound. 



Blood examination. — ^Haemoglobin 85 per cent, erj-tkrocytes 5,580,000, leucocytes 

 6,000, polymorphonuclears 26 per cent, small mononuclears 35 per cent, large 

 mononuclears 9 per cent, eosinophiles 20' per cent. 



Two weeks after treatment the patient was interrogated concerning 

 his pain and he said it had entirely disappeared. A month later leuco- 

 cytes were examined with the following results : Polymorphonuclears 

 43.4 per cent, small mononuclears 36.2 per cent, large mononuclears 6.1 



