TYPHOID FEVER IN THE PHILIPPINES. 



303 



mously greater typhoid rate than do many of the municipalities of 



Europe. 



As regards the accuracy of the typhoid death rate in Manila, Doctor Andrews, 

 in charge of the city morgue, states that he encounters many cases of typhoid 

 at the autopsy of native bodies and tliat he considers the average of 82 deaths 

 per year to be well within the limits. Most of the cases he finds have been un- 

 diagnosed or incorrectly diagnosed. 



THE INCIDENCE OF TYPHOID AMONG AMERICAN SOLDIEES IN THE PHILIPPINES. 



Considerable doubt may attach to the accuracy of the diagnoses in 

 some of the deaths reported to the Bureau of Health as caused by typhoid, 

 but in the case of the Army statistics for Americans during the past 

 ten years this possibility of error is reduced to a minimum, since every 

 soldier seriously ill is treated in hospital and the diagnosis in nearly 

 all instances is made with the aid of laboratory facilities. 



During the year 1898 typhoid was everywhere epidemic among the untrained 

 volunteer troops in the United States. Throughout 1899 it decreased at the 

 home stations but was widely prevalent in the Philippines among the great 

 numbers of newly recruited volunteers who were undergoing the hardships of a 

 strenuous campaign. These two years would show nothing of value when com- 

 paring the admission rates for troops serving in the Philippines and in the 

 United States. Therefore, they have been omitted from the tables below which 

 begin with the year 1900 and are compiled from the reports of the Surgeon 

 GJeneral of the Army. 



Table II. — Typhoid fever in the United States Army, American troops. 



Calendar year. 



Philippine Islands. 



United States. 



Mean 

 strength. 



Admissions. 



Deaths. 



Mean 

 strength. 



Admissions. 



Deaths. 



Num- 

 ber. 



Per 

 1,000. 



Num. 

 her. 



Per 

 1, 000. 



Num- 

 ber. 



Per 

 1,000. 



Num- 

 ber. 



Per 

 1,000. 



1900— 



66, 882 

 59, 526 

 32, 942 

 18,671 

 11,996 

 11,057 

 12, 380 

 11,699 

 11,971 

 12, 844 

 249,968 



24, 997 



716 



315 



201 



82 



23 



31 



48 



41 



33 



79 



1,569 



156.9 



10.71 

 5.29 

 6.10 

 4.39 

 1.92 

 2.80 

 3.88 

 3.50 

 2.76 

 6.15 



• 



«6.28 



141 



58 



32 



15 



5 



3 







3 



5 



2 



264 



26.4 



2.11 

 0.97 

 0.97 

 0.80 

 0.42 

 0.27 

 0.00 

 0.26 

 0.41 

 0.15 



"1.06 



20,690 

 26,115 

 39, 736 

 42, 264 

 43,940 

 42,834 

 40,621 

 35, 132 

 46,316 

 57, 124 

 394, 772 



39,477 



115 

 250 

 341 

 246 

 247 

 153 

 230 

 124 

 136 

 173 

 2,015 



201.5 



5.56 

 9.43 

 8.58 

 5.82 

 5.62 

 3.57 

 5.66 

 3.53 

 2.94 

 3.03 



'5.10 



9 

 17 

 34 

 12 

 12 

 13 

 11 



7 



11 



16 



141 



14.1 



0.43 

 0.64 

 0.86 

 0.28 

 0.27 

 0.30 

 0.28 

 0.19 

 0.23 

 0.28 



»0.36 



1901(16) 



1902(17) 



1903(18) 



1904 



1905 - 



1906 - 



1907 



1908 



1909 



Total 



Average for 10 

 years 





" Average admlesions and deaths per 1,000 are based on the average of admissions 

 and deaths for ten years as compared with average mean strength for same period. 



For comparison with the above there is given below a table covering the 

 same period and showing the number of admissions for malarial fevers and 

 fevers of undetermined causation. 



