324 CHAMBERLAIN. 



We obtained blood specimens from 25 persons wlio admitted having liad the 

 fever during the preceding 3 months. Two of these were evidently dysentery, 

 and from the remaining 23 we obtained positive Widal reactions in 20. In addi- 

 tion one of the 18 specimens also agglutinated Bacillus paratyphosus "B" while 

 all gave negative reactions with Bacillus paratyphosus "A". Thirteen other 

 natives who furnished no history of fever gave negative serum reactions with 

 typhoid and paratyphoid bacilli. 



Cultures were made from the stools of 4 of the school children ill with a 

 febrile disease, and Bacillus typhosus was isolated from two. One of these two 

 patients gave a positive Widal reaction and from the other no blood was obtained. 



The sister of this last case had died with a disease of similar clinical nature. 

 In one house visited there had been originally 11 occupants of whom two, both 

 children, had recently died with fever. Eight others were sick at the same time, 

 the mother alone escaping. Of the 8 who had been ill 5 gave positive Widal 

 reactions. These two instances show how the disease may have spread by contact 

 but it must not be forgotten that in San Fernando, as in other Filipino towns, 

 there is excellent opportunity for the spread of the disease by any or all of the 

 recognized methods of infection. 



Blood smears from 42 natives, inluding all of the cases recorded above as 

 giving positive typhoid findings, were examined for latent malaria and no organ- 

 isms were discovered. 



FORT MILLS (COBKEGIDOR) EPIDEMIC. 



Three cases occurred on this island in December, 1910 and January, 1911. The 

 first case was the wife of a white civilian employee. The next two cases were 

 white soldiers. Two other soldiers suffering from continued fever also gave 

 positive Widal reactions combined with negative cultural results from blood 

 and stools. As these two men had received antityphoid vaccination, it is uncer- 

 tain what the cause of their fever may have been. Several other soldiers with 

 fever gave negative Widal reactions. A fourth case of undoubted typhoid in a 

 native woman occurred in May, 1911. 



The source of the infection in the above instances remains undetermined. 

 The sanitary conditions on Corregidor were not favorable at that time because of 

 the crowding and the great amount of construction going on. There was a 

 large American garrison, a smaller force of Filipino troops and several thousand 

 Bilibid convicts and native laborers engaged in work on the island. In addition 

 many of the laborers had their families living in a village on Corregidor. The 

 water supply was unsatisfactory in quantity and quality and the disposal of 

 excreta „was for the most part by dry earth closets or even more primitive 

 methods. 



CUAETEL DE ESPANA (MANILA) EPIDEMIC. 



Nine cases occurred in company "M" of the 26th Infantry, all being taken 

 sick within one week. No cases occurred in any of the 7 other companies at 

 the post. The sanitary conditions were very good at this station and were the 

 same for all the companies. The cook for company "M" had a short fever and 

 gave a positive Widal reaction. It was learned that two years before in the 

 United States he had had a fever of a month's duration followed by a relapse 

 also lasting one month. It was thought that he might be a carrier and respon- 

 sible for the outbreak in his company. However, efforts to demonstrate the 

 bacilli in his stools and urine were unsuccessful. The men attacked were not 

 closely associated with each other in barracks so it seems probable that contact 

 infection was not a factor in this epidemic. 



