TYPHOID FEVER IN THE PHILIPPINES. 331 



7. Paratyphoid organisms are occasionally isolated in the Philippines. 



8. The leucocyte count in typhoid remains normal for whites and 

 is slightly increased for natives. The differential count is normal 

 for both races. 



9. The mortality for white troops in the Philippine Islands during 

 the last five years has been no higher than at home. It appears some- 

 what higher for Filipinos bu.t this may be due to failure to diagnose 

 all the mild cases. 



10. More thati a third of the cases of enteric fever, whether among 

 Americans or Filipinos, are entirely atypical and can not be diagnosed 

 without laboratory methods. 



11. Over one-half of the cases occurring in the Philippine Islands can 

 be diagnosed clinically and differ in no essential particular from typhoid 

 fever as seen at home. This is true for both American and Filipino 

 cases. 



12. Much work still needs to be done among the natives to estimate 

 the actual amount of mild and atypical typhoid which is occurring 

 and to determine why extensive and destructive epidemics are not more 

 often seen. 



REFERENCES. 



(1) Manson, p. Tropical Diseases. London (1907), 311. 



(2) Castellani, a. and Chalmers, A. J. Tropical Diseases (1910), 800. 



(3) Rogers, L. Fevers in the Tropics (1910), 110 to 148. 



(4) Page, Henry. Report of Typhoid Epidemic at Post of Parang. Report 



made to Surgeon General, U. S. Army, December 22, 1909. 



(5) Phalen, J. M. and KiLBOtrRNE, E. D. Work of Board for the Study of 



Tropical Diseases. Mil. Surgeon (1910), 27, 5G. 



(6) Chamberlain, W. P., Blooimbergh, H. D. and Kilbourne, E. D. Report 



of Board for the Study of Tropical Diseases. The Mil. Surgeon (1910), 

 27, 529. 



(7) Clayton, Jeee B. Report as to cause of Epidemic of Typhoid Fever at 



Ludlow Barracks. Made to Chief Surgeon, Department of Mindanao, 

 April 13, 1910. 



(8) Phalen, J. M. and Kilbourne, E. D. Report'of Board for the Study of 



Tropical Diseases. Made to Surgeon General, U. S. Army, September 

 30, 1909. 



(9) Heiser, V. G. Unsolved Health Problems Peculiar to the Philippines. 



Phil. Journ. Sci. Sec. B (1910), 5, 171. 



(10) Jackson, T. W. The Clinical Side of Disease in the Philippine Islands. 



Med. Bee. (1910), 76, 511. 



(11) Nichols, H. J. The Simple and Double Continued Fevers in the Philip- 



pines. Mil. Surgeon (1908), 22, 365. 



(12) Bruns, E. H. Notes on Epidemic of Typhoid Fever at Iloilo. Ibid., 369. 



( 13) Nichols, H. J. Medical Survey of Taytay. Phil. Journ. Sci. Sec. B ( 1909 ) , 



4, 281. 



(14) Huber, E. G. Report on Typhoid at Camp Gregg. Made to Chief Sur- 



geon, Philippines Division. 



