408 CHAMBERLAIN AND VEDDER. 



Table I. — Agreement of differential and Arneth counts as made by two independ- 

 ent observers in the Philippines. 



> 

 O 



Men observed. 



Differential founts, per cent. 



Arneth's classification, 

 per cent. 



g 



< 



X 



<s> 

 •o 







c 



Race. 



S 



3 



£ 



1 

 o 



3 

 C 



1 



§■ 



c 

 o 



o 



SI 



>.^ 



^ o 

 "3 



a 



03 



6 



p. 



>> 



c 



C 





I. 



II. 



III. 



IV. 



V. 



A 

 B 

 A 

 B 



Americans 



Americans 



Filipinos 



Filipinos 



22 

 50 

 21 

 29 



56.4 

 57.0 

 48.1 

 55.1 



5.1 



3.2 



13.6 



8.6 



30.0 

 32.4 

 28.1 

 31.2 



4.1 

 5.0 

 6.2 

 3.4 



3.5 

 1.7 

 3.2 

 I.l 



0.9 

 0.7 

 0.8 

 0.6 



13.4 

 13.2 



28.1 

 27.0 



34.8 

 32.0 

 41.2 

 36.3 



39.0 

 36.3 

 24.7 

 26.6 



11.3 



17.3 



5.3 



9.1 



1.5 

 2.1 

 0.7 

 1.0 



48.2 

 45.2 

 69.3 

 63.3 



67.7 

 63.3 

 81.6 

 76.6 



It will be observed that the Ameth index of Observer A is slightly 

 higher for Americans than that of Observer B and that the same is true 

 for the observations on Filipinos, so there is complete agreement between 

 the two observers as regards the finding of a marked shift to the left for 

 natives. The same remarks are true when the Ameth counts are com- 

 pared on the basis of the index of Bushnell and Treuholtz. 



THE INFLUENCE OF RACE AND TROPICAL RESIDENCE ON THE DIFFERENTIAL 



AND THE ARNETH COUNT. 



The appended tables (Nos. V and VI) give the individual data for 

 our series of 122 counts. When divided according to race, American 

 or Filipino, the white cell count per cubic millimeter was found within 

 normal limits in both races, (7) averaging a little higher for the Filipinos, 

 9,248 as coqipared with 7,304 for Americans. The average differential 

 leucocyte count showed for both races the characteristic changes found 

 by this Board, (9) (10) and by others, (H) (12) in the blood of Filipinos 

 and of white men resident in the Philippines, namely, a decreased poly- 

 morphonuclear count associated with an increased percentage of small 

 lymphocytes and, for the natives, an increase in the eosinophilic cells due 

 in the vast majority of cases to infestation with intestinal parasites. The 

 reduction in polymorphonuclear neutrophiles was slightly greater for 

 natives, who had 52 per cent of these cells as compared with 56 per cent 

 for Americans. 



When the Arneth count came to be considered very marked differences 

 were found between the averages for the two races. There was evident 

 a slight shift to the left in the average count for white men as compared 

 with the standard recognized by most authorities in Europe and America.* 

 Since we have not counted for comparison any extensive series of blood 



^ These normal "standards" vary considerably with the writer, and we believe 

 this variation is in part due to the fact that most observers have counted 

 too small a series of normal eases. 



