INFLUENCE OF PHILIPPINE CLIMATE ON WHITE MEN. 43 { 



servation approximate!}' equal numbers of the blonds and of the brunettes, 

 and therefore in considering the final results the personal factors of the 

 different observers need not be considered. The conditions under which 

 the men of the blond and of the brunette type lived during the observa- 

 tion period were identical in all known respects. 



GEOGRAPHY AND CI-TMATE OF THE PHILIPPINES. 



The observations were made at various localities in an Archipelago 

 consisting of many hundreds of mountainous islands extending in latitude 

 from 21° north to 5° north. No point even in the larger islands is in 

 excess of 100 kilometers from the sea. With the exception of Camps 

 Stotsenburg, John Hay, and Keithley, all of the military posts where the 

 observations were conducted are located on' or close to the coast-line and 

 elevated but a few meters above the sea level. * Camp Stotsenburg is lo- 

 cated about 50 kilometers from salt water on a plain at an altitude of 

 about 300 meters. Its climate does not differ materially from that of the 

 coast stations. Camp John Hay and Camp Keithley are in the mountains 

 at altitudes of 1,500 and 800 meters respectively, and are characterized 

 by a much lower temperature and a higher degree of cloudiness than are 

 the lowland stations. The observations made at these two posts are not 

 included in the general averages and were used merely for comparison 

 with the lowland groups. 



Although everywhere tropical yet the climate of the Philippines 

 varies considerably in different localities as a result of altitude, influence 

 of mountain ranges, and proximity to the sea. In the regions where 

 most of the observations were carried out the hot and dry season is in 

 April, May, and June. The rains come with the cessation of the north- 

 east monsoon in June or July and persist till October or November. 

 The differences in temperature between the warm season and the cool 

 season are quite noticeable. In the posts in Mindanao and Jolo the 

 differences of season, as regards both temperature and rain, are less 

 clearly marked, and, as a result of several factors, the heat is no greater 

 than on the northern coast of Luzon, over 1,200 kilometers more distant 

 from the Equator, and indeed is less intense than in many of the central 

 parts of the Archipelago. 



Complete details as to the climate of the Archipelago can be obtained from 

 Bulletin No. 2, Census of the Philippine Islands, entitled The Climate of the 

 Philippines. A few figures are collected from this publication to show the more 

 important climatological features at different points. 



* Fort William McKinley and Camp Jossman are each about 7 kilometers in- 

 land, but are little elevated above the sea. Fort Mills is on an island about 2 

 kilometers wide, but its highest ridge, where the barracks are located, is 200 

 meters above sea level. 



