LIFE HISTORIES OF LEAFHOPFERS OF MAI Is E. 01 



species as a pest of cereals." I gave a short description of the 

 nymphal stage but was unable to give the stages in detail or 

 to determine as to the number of generations annually. While 

 we still lack some of these details it has been possible this sea- 

 son to trace the development through from egg to adult and 

 for the latitude of Maine at least the facts secured will fur- 

 nish a much better basis for measures of control that have pre- 

 viously been available. 



Crops Affected. 



This species has quite a wide range of foodplants and con- 

 sequently is liable to become a pest to a number of crops but in 

 Maine its most important attacks I believe will be found to be 

 directed upon the meadow grasses and oats. 



Its presence in meadows is almost universal and while it is 

 not so abundant here as some of the other species probably 

 because of its migration to adjacent grain fields, it must be 

 counted as a constant drain especially in meadows .of several 

 years standing. On account of its numerous broods rapid 

 development of the nymphs and ready flight of the adults it is 

 more rapidly distributed into new fields than most of our 

 meadow species and consequently rotation may not be as effec- 

 tive in its control. 



As a pest of oats it is one of the most conspicuous in its at- 

 tack of any of the oat-feeding species although its work is 

 very easily mistaken, for that of plantlice or thrips. In Maine 

 the attack on oats begins almost as soon as the plants are above 

 ground when their succulent character is evidently a distinct 

 attraction to the leafhopper and at this time adults may be 

 swept in numbers from oat fields especially if they are adja- 

 cent to old meadows. It is possible that there are two brood- 

 here before the ripening of the crop but we have complete evi- 

 dence of the development of one generation both by rearing 

 on plants in cages and by field observation. This generation 

 begins with egg depositions in the oat leaves in early July as 

 detailed under life history and matures by the middle of Au- 

 gust or before the ripening of the grain and is then ready for 

 flight to fields of more succulent character than the oat stubble. 



