LIFE HISTORIES OF LEAFHOPPERS OF MAINE. Jl 



advanced in development and were probably for the most part in 

 the final instar as adults began appearing in early July. 



The nymphs of the final instar are 2.3 mm in length for the male and 

 nearly white with black markings. There is a broad central patch on the 

 vertex narrowing behind wi'th lateral bands which merge with the central 

 patch behind the middle, a cross band connecting them in front of cen- 

 ter, eyes black center, light border; pronotum white with narrow black 

 stripes at side and a central spot on front and rear margin divided by 

 white line, meso- and meta-thorax with broad lateral stripes covering 

 most of wing pads and a central stripe divided by a broader white line, 

 two spots on meta-thorax lateral broad stripe on abdomen to last seg- 

 ment central double stripe terminating on the base of the last segment. 



The female nymphs are similar to the males but larger about four 

 millimeters long head and thorax 1 3-4 abdomen 2 3-4 mm width 1 1-4 

 mm. The black markings on the dorsum are very distinct the central 

 black spot on vertex narrower and a small marginal spot half way from 

 tip to eye, central double stripe broken into black quadrate spots on ab- 

 domen, lateral stripe also of quadrate spots on abdomen interrupted on 

 wing pads. Beneath black on margin of front. Hind legs lined with 

 black, tarsal tips black. 



Adults were secured emerging from confined nymphs on July 21. The 

 females were darker below than the males and emerged frOm nymphs 

 that were lighter and larger than the male nymphs. One female taken 

 in the cage July 21 was very light gray but the females are generally 

 dark gray to blackish and assume this color soon after emergence. The 

 dark gray or blackish color is mottled finely with white and toward the 

 end of the elytra these mottlings merge into transparent spots and even 

 become transparent white with black spots and lineations. 



Emergence in some of the confined individuals occurred on 

 grass blades above ground and in one case the nymph crawled 

 up to a height of three inches above the ground to attach itself 

 to the grass stem. In one attached an inch and a fourth from 

 the earth the fore legs were attached and the hind legs stretched 

 out backward to the tip of the abdomen. In many cases how- 

 ever and probably as a quite common, if not the usual plan for 

 the species now, the exuviae are found on the ground. 



In the moulted nymphal skin the dorsal slit through which 

 the adult emerges is so closely drawn together that it is hardly 

 possible to distinguish any break. The hind legs are extende I 

 backward, the hind tibiae meeting behind the tip of the abdo- 

 men and the hind tarsi resting side by side. The nymphal 

 skins retain their appearance of the nymphs so completely that 

 they furnish every character necessary for identification. 



