274 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. I916. 



mature at this time was one with the wing pads developed 

 evidently in the final nymphal instar. The final instar occupies 

 a period of two or three weeks and corresponds closely with 

 the time of rapid growth and formation of heads in the grass, 

 the nymphal stage being passed and adults beginning to appear 

 at about the time of hay cutting July 3rd to 10th. 



The mature nymphs are easily distinguished from those of 

 spamarius by the more slender body, the narrower front por- 

 tion or inflated part of the head and by a more dusky colora- 

 tion, especially as they approach moulting. 



The process of emergence is interesting and apparently varies 

 slightly in different individuals, but in cases observed the 

 emergence occurred within the froth masses. The nymphal 

 case is included within the remnant of the froth mass that 

 remains attached and clings to the grass stem for some time. 

 The head is closely appressed to the stem and directed toward 

 the upper part of the stem, the abdomen is elevated and this 

 and the thorax are both split along the dorsal line. The front 

 legs clasp the stem, but the middle and hind legs are free. 



The remnant of froth mass retains closely the original form 

 and shows the form of individual bubbles, a condition which 

 certainly points to the presence of some content that gives a 

 gelatinous consistency to an otherwise watery mass. 



The full life cycle of this species has not been followed and 

 there are several points in the cycle which it will be especially 

 interesting to determine. Nevertheless, enough is known con- 

 cerning certain of the most critical periods of development to 

 furnish a basis for the application of certain measures of con- 

 trol. 



That the winter is passed in the egg stage as has been gen- 

 erally stated and is evidenced by the occurrence of larvae in our 

 cages, placed in early spring over timothy grass in meadows. 

 Adults certainly could not have entered there to deposit eggs 

 in spring and if adults had hibernated in the grass we should 

 have found some at least of the dead bodies present within our 

 cages. 



The date of egg hatching cannot be given precisely, but the 

 earliest appearance of the froth masses in June would indicate 

 a rather late hatching, at least for this latitude. 



