MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 5 



under surface of the body and the head are silvery white, and 

 the upper surface is light yellowish brown with two longitudinal 

 white stripes extending through the thorax and elytra or wing- 

 covers to the tip, as is shown in the accompanying figure I, c. 



The larva, when mature measures from three-fourths to a 

 little over an inch in length.. It is legless, fleshy, and somewhat 

 grub-like in appearance, cylindrical in form, and light yellow in 

 color. The head is darker. 



The pupa, illustrated at b, is nearly as long as the adult insect, 

 which it resembles in a superficial manner, the head being bent 

 down toward the breast, and the legs and long antennae folded 

 upon the ventral surface. Its color is similar to that of the 

 larva. 



The beetles make their first appearance of the season late in 

 May or June, according to locality. During the night they 

 come forth from the trunks of the trees in which they have bred, 

 and at this time may be seen in flight. 



Soon after their first appearance the sexes mate and eggs 

 are deposited. The female first makes an incision in the bark — 

 probably by means of her mandibles — causing it to split slightly; 

 then, turning head upward, she places an egg under the bark 

 nearly a quarter of an inch from the incision, accompanying the 

 deposition by the extrusion of a "gummy fluid which covers and 

 secures it to its place and usually fills up the aperture. In young 

 trees with tender bark the egg is usually thoroughly hidden, 

 while in older trees it is sometimes so shallowly imbedded as 

 to be readily seen." 



The larvae, soon after hatching, tunnel under the bark and 

 feed on the sap-wood, gradually working their way upward and 

 afterwards downward, usually remaining within a short dis- 

 tance of, or below the surface of, the ground, particularly in 

 young trees. By the end of the second year the larvae have 

 increased considerably in size and have now penetrated deeper 

 into the solid heart-wood, their burrows being closely packed 

 behind them with castings. The third year the larvae gnaw 

 outward to the bark, form a pupal cell composed partly of their 

 castings and, with their heads pointing toward the bark, trans- 

 form to pupae. With the approach of May and June they cut 

 their way out by means of their powerful manibles and issue 

 through a round hole as mature beetles. 



