56 MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 



change to pupae, and the moths emerge about a month after the 

 apple is in blossom, 



The moth (fig. 40, a) varies somewhat in size, but the maxi- 

 mum spread of its wings is about three-fourths of an inch. 

 The front wings are of a brownish gray color and are crossed 

 with lines of gray scales, giving them the appearance of watered 

 silk. At the tips of the wings there is a large brown spot, in 

 which are many scales of bronze or gold. The hind wings are 

 grayish brown in color. The moth lays her eggs, a few days 

 after emergence, on the leaves of apple or other food plant, or 

 on the fruit. A majority of the eggs of the first generation 

 are laid on the leaves, while the greater part of those of the 

 second generation are laid upon the fruit. 



A large number of the larva? which hatch from eggs deposited 

 on the leaves eat small portions of the leaves before finding 

 fruit. The larva, living most of its life within the fruit, throws 

 out through its entrance hole, which it enlarges from time to 

 time, or through its exit hole in the side of the fruit, the char- 

 acteristic mass of frass or excrement which is the sign of infes- 

 tation. 



The larvae have some difficulty in entering the smooth sides 

 of the fruit, and about 80 per cent of the first generation enter 

 by way of the calyx, while the majority of the second genera- 

 tion enter at the sides, especially where the fruits are touching. 



Before entering the young apple the larva feeds, as noted, 

 on the leaves, but also for a day or two within the partial con- 

 cealment formed by the calyx or blossom end of the apple. 

 During several days, therefore, the little apple worms feed 

 externally, both before they enter the calyx and within the 

 'atter, and the object of spraying is to insure their being poi- 

 soned by thoroughly coating in advance, with an arsenical mix- 

 ture, the leaves, and especially the blossom end of every fruit, 

 before the shutting up of the lobes of the calyx. Most of the 

 larvae enter the calyx after it is closed, and are then beyond the 

 reach of any poison later applied. 



The pinkish larva lives in the fruit about twenty days, and 

 grows to a length of about five-eighths of an inch (fig. 40) 

 when, being full fed, it makes a tunnel to the outside of the 

 fruit, the entrance of which is filled with frass and silk. When 

 ready to leave the apple this plug is pushed out. The larva 



