MAINE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. S7 



then crawls out and immediately seeks a place in which to spin 

 its cocoon. 



Cocoons have been observed in the following places : In 

 holes and cracks in the trunks and branches of the trees ; under 

 rough bark; in the fruits (though rarely); in the cracks in 

 the ground around the tree; on or between the clods among 

 the fallen fruit; under bands or anything else resting on or 

 against the tree ; in cracks and angles of the walls and roof of 

 the building in which apples are stored ; under shingles of 

 buildings near apple trees ; in fence posts and under pickets of 

 nearby fences ; in paper or other rubbish on the ground ; and 

 in various other places. The cocoons of the first generation 

 are composed entirely of silk, while in those of the second 

 generation are incorporated bits of wood and bark. The larvae 

 inside the cocoons transform into pupae in about six days from 

 the time of spinning the cocoon. 



In about twenty days from the spinning of the cocoon the 

 pupal skin splits and the moth emerges (fig. 40, a), lays its 

 eggs, and gives rise to another generation. 



MEASURES USED AGAINST THE CODLING MOTH. 



An arsenical spray immediately after the blossoms have fallen 

 should be used and repeated 7 to 10 days later, but before the 

 calyx lobes have closed. Use burlap bands on trunks, killing 

 all codling caterpillars under them every 10 days from July 1 

 to August 15, and once later before winter. Where spraying 

 is properly done, banding is probably not necessary. 



Apple Maggot or Railroad Worm. 



(Rhagoletis pomonella.) 



The adult stage of the apple maggot is a fly, a little smaller 

 than the house-fly and readily distinguished by four dark 

 irregular bands across the wings ; these are found in the apple 

 orchards from about July first until frost. During this time 

 the females are employed laying eggs, by piercing the skin of 

 the apple with a sting-like ovipositor and leaving at each incision 

 one egg buried in the pulp. Each female is capable of laying at 

 least three or four hundred eggs. 



