10 



Transactions. — Miscellaneous. 



cause for such a difference being mainly that a systematic treatment of State 

 forests had been adopted in Germany long before it was introduced into France, 

 and that the revolution or age of maturity of forest trees having been fixed so 

 high as 100 to 200 years, according to species, climate, soil, etc., forests in 

 Germany yield at the present time a larger number of trees, arrived at 

 matmity and full dimensions, than those of France, thereby affording larger 

 money retm-ns. 



V. — Revenue of State Forests in Europe. 

 Eeturn, showing : Column 1, the total area of State forests in each 

 State ; column 2, the annual acreage devoted to the fellings, as the com- 

 puted total surface of the separate lots of ground where trees have been 

 felled* ; column 3, State income per sales of the standing timber, as the 

 exhaustive product per column 2 ; column 4, income per acre, per column 2 ; 

 column 5, amount of the departmental expenditure under actual circum- 

 stances special to each State ; column 6, percentage of the expenditure on 

 the revenue : — 



! 



Namt; 



OP 



State. 



1 

 Area. 



2 



Annual 

 Acreage, 



3 



State 



Income, 



per 



column 2. 



4 



Income 

 per Acre, 



per 

 column 2. 



5 



Amount 



of 



Expendi- 



twce. 



6 



Per 



centage 

 of 

 Expendi- 

 ture. 



Bavaria . . 

 Hanover . . 

 Saxony . . 

 Prussia . . 

 France 



Acres. 

 3,000,000 



591,000 



3,94,000 



6,216,500 



2,500,000 



Acres. 

 24,000 



4,728 



3,152 



49,732 



20,000 



£ 



1,261,279 



408,200 



350,000 



2,100,000 



1,400,000 



£ s. d. 

 52 11 



86 6 



114 6 



42 4 



70 



£ 



494,287 



128,000 



101,000 



1,100,000 



70,000 



Per cent. 

 39 



31 



29 



51 



5 



Eemakks. — Columns 1, 3, 5, are taken from Captain Campbell-Walker's reports on 

 the forests of the German States, and for France the information is taken from the 

 official returns, including ten consecutive years, up to 1870. 



For all of the above State forests, the average period of the revolution is taken as 

 125 years. 



As a rule, the upset prices at the auction sales are calculated to allow one-third of 

 the market value of the forest product as the share of the State. 



In Em-ope, as the demand for forest produce exceeds the supply derivable 

 from State forests, the greatest care is taken to ascertain the capability of 

 those forests and so to allow about equ.al annual retm-ns permanently. 



* The working of high timber forests by thinnings, being intended to secure the 

 natural regeneration of the forest, prevents at the same time the existence of large open 

 spaces or blanks in the interior of the forest, which would prove fatal to the surroiiuding 

 standing timber. 



