180 Transactions. — Miscellaneous. 



a nucleus and an escaping envelope ; in some cases, the envelope alone 

 will exist. 



lOth. This envelope tends to separate into three parts ; the edge, which 

 follows the general ring of matter, and two saucer-shaped masses at the 

 extremity of the axis. 



11th. Impacts of large bodies are not mere pictures of small impacts, as 

 all such energies as cohesion, latent heat of fusion and volatilization, 

 dissociation, etc., are constants, which form but a small portion of the 

 total energy in large impacts, and are large ratios in small impacts. 



12th. In all partial impacts there is a tendency to cause the escape of 

 fragments beyond the range of effective attraction. Doubtless in all impacts 

 some of the lighter elements may have molecular velocity sufficient to 

 escape. 



13th. Also, in all partial impacts the coalesced mass is formed of parts 

 of both bodies. 



14th. Partial impact, conseqtiently, leads to a community of chemical 

 material throughout the entire universe. 



I have now given a picture of the universe, drawn from absolutely 

 independent observations, and also, I believe, a set of logical deductions 

 from " partial impact," and it will be in the knowledge of many here that 

 these deductions were worked out before I had studied the construction of 

 the heavens, as exhibited by modern research. We will now compare the 

 result of astronomical observation with the theory of partial impact. 



1. Theory says, all matter of the universe should be common, that is, 

 composed of the same chemical elements ; observation shows this to be the 

 case. 



2. Theory says, the chief of the matter should lie in one plane ; 

 astronomers say it does. 



3. Theory shows that at one stage, resulting from partial impact, the 

 matter should be roughly in the form of a ring ; naked eye observation 

 shows it to be so. 



4. Deductions on principles of energy show that the axis of this ring 

 should be the hottest ; the sheets of nebulae at the poles point clearly to this 

 having been the case. 



5. The heat being greatest at the centre, the centrifugal force should be 

 least. Proctor says, in his essay on the universe, speaking of the origin of 

 the polar nebulse, that they may have been formed " through the influence 

 of the same principle which makes the centrifugal force near the poles of a 

 rotating globe less than that at the globe's equator" — a really sru'prising 

 remark, considering Proctor had no inducement other than actual observa- 

 tion to make it. 



