236 TranHactions. — MisceUaneous. 



analogies, respectively, in the tribal tongues of Hindostan, — total, 496 — 

 all the proofs that glossarial connection can give, are adduced. The 

 expressions denoting this glossarial connection I have termed " word- 

 fossils," for they indicate a race with as unerring an indication as the 

 Graptolite, the Holyjytichms, or the Stigmaria, point out those separate 

 geological systems displayed in the Silurian, the Old Red Sandstone, and the 

 Carboniferous, respectively, wherever spread on the face of the globe. 



In these papers I have given more attention to the glossarial branch 

 than to the ideological or phonetic, simply because I have found it to be the 

 most unchanging, and, therefore, the best indicator of race affinity. 



The Malay and Polynesian languages are compounding in their con- 

 struction ; the Malagasi is inflecting ; yet, this peculiarity connects it with 

 the Dravidic, — i.e., dialects of South Hindostan. 



All have re-duplication in the construction of many words ; and that 

 most attenuated of the dialects, viz., Hawaiian, has triplication, and even 

 quadruplication — such as, lelele, to leap ; lelelele, to run off. The Poly- 

 nesian dialects have dualism in their pronouns ; a fact which I have not 

 discovered in Malagasi or Malay. 



The roots of the most simple primary words are vowels, the conso- 

 nants being merely additions or acceptations, according to the genius of 

 each dialect. That the consonants are transposible, as between tribe and 

 tribe, we have seen many indications ; and that they are even ever- 

 changing in single tribes, we have the evidence of the Rev. S. J. Whitmee. 

 He says,* the consonant k is found only in one word in Samoa (to wit, — 

 ui puke), adding, that to a person now for the first time visiting Samoa this 

 would appear to be incorrect. He would hear k used by most of the natives 

 in their ordinary conversation in place of t ; but this is a recent change. 

 In 1863, k was used only in the island Tutuila and in the eastern portion 

 of Upolu ; now, it is used all over the group. It is difficult to say how this 

 change was commenced, but its spread has been noted, and every attempt 

 has been made to arrest it, but without efi'ect. Many of the natives are 

 exceedingly careless and incorrect in the pronunciation of consonants, and 

 even exchange or transpose them without confusion and almost unnoticed 

 by their hearers, — as, manii for naniu, a scent ; lagogu for lagonu, to 

 understand, etc. 



Besides scrutinizing beyond Hindostan the dictionaries of the various 

 races of Asia, Europe, and Africa, I have also carefuUy gone over numerous 

 vocabularies of the aboriginal tribes in North and South America, and here 

 also I have failed to detect the semblance of glossarial analogy. All philo- 

 logical evidence then turns to Hindostan, the Land of Barat, as the original 



* Samoan Grammar, 



