/ 



■ ^^f£. 



^^^^e doe. 



THE BEGINNINGS OF LIFE. 



49 



es 



^'^ ^olubilij.. whilst the other acid and base still continue in a state 

 ^ influence of. of solution. This is an occurrence of much importance, 

 osc of the s:,i since it tends to show that chemical affinities which 



the 



new 





may be held in abeyance at certain temperatures may, 



• in the form \ ^^ ^^^^^^ temperatures, assert themselves, and thus lead 



I littl 



^ more ff; 



ct; 



• . • 



to the initiation of molecular combinations which 

 result in the emergence from the solution of a new kind 

 of solid aggregate. 



We have illustrated our remarks hitherto 

 reference to the behaviour of simple saline substances, 

 though all the observations that have been made are 



a 



position' tafe, 

 nature musti 



h are capable 



rertain tempe:; 



men the solut equally applicable to chemical substances in general. 



r'ithin this 



It is quite immaterial whether we have to do with 



^ happen : eitk simple substances or with highly complex bodies : the 

 may be precif properties of all alike are dependent upon their 



mole 



lay take place- cular composition and nature. Molecular composition is 

 the alternate an important item even with reference to substances 



d to Prf' ^"^^^ ^^^ looked upon as elementary — different modes 

 ' solar beams in *i of composition or arrangement of the atoms sufficing to 

 bstance chloroplp produce ^^]^2X are called *^ allot ropic ' states 



A 



We 



aing of the ato^ 

 nished numeroii?^ 

 mined n^ay be ^;; 



most familiar with these as they are presented to us in 

 the various forms of carbon. The differences between 



, ^j^g presence of; the diamond, graphite, anthracite, and pure charcoal 



^^ « for e^ - ., . , - -. ... 



presence, ior 



any ^ ^P r flje o«' are differently grouped. 



presence . 



are most striking, and yet these are all different states 

 of one and the same substance whose ultimate atoms 



and 



Oxygen i, sulphur 



.is mode oi ^f,, 

 and ^vb>cli 



^ Ordinary oxygen, and ozone whose molecule is supposed to be 

 represented by O4. 



^ Sulphur crystallizes in rhombic octahedrons belonging to the 



VOL. II. 



E 



