7 



6oo 



THE BEGINNINGS OF LIFE. 



which subsequently modify the forms and structures of 



Organisms in the following table : 



Primarily 

 determined by 



Crystals - - - Polarity. 



Subsequently ?}iodiJied by 



Nature of . 

 forms affected. 



O 



1—1 



o 



<i 



Organisms - - - Polarity * 



^ (Ephemeromorplis) 



I, External 

 changes + 

 Polarity, 



a. 



• 2. Internal 1 

 changes + \ 

 Polarity. 



Direct influence - • - 



Indirect influence 

 ('use and disuse') - • 



Leading to important 



jbut not permanent 



changes - 



Leading to important 

 and permanent al- 

 terations which be- 

 come transmitted - 



Ephemeromorplis 



and Species. 

 Species. 



Ephemeromorphs. 



Species, 



c. Leading to individual 

 differences, some of 

 which are intensi- 

 fied and made -p^r- 



T^2.YiQ.Xi\.\iy Natural ~ 

 Selection opecies. 



r 



3. Changes occasioned by 'crossing' + 



Polarity SpCCiCS. 



* This word is used in the sense in which it is employed by Mr. Spencer, who says- 'If we 

 accept the word polarity as a name for the force by which inorganic units are aggregated into 

 a form pecuhar to them, we may apply this name to the analogous force displayed by ortranic 

 umts. But as above admitted, polarity as ascribed to atoms is but a name for something of 

 which we are ignorant ... we simply substitute the term " polarity" for the circuitous expression, 

 the power which certain units have of arranging themselves into a special form." ' (' Principles 

 of Biology/ 1864, vol. 1. p. 181.) * ^ 



It should not 



Natural 



Selection in its most general sense has reference to that 



co-ordinating power in Nature whereby the fittest of 

 all organisms^ of whatsoever kind and howsoever pro- 

 duced^ tend to be perpetuated- whilst Natural Selection 

 in its more special sense is an agency which Mr. Darwin 

 has shown to be capable of ^ producing fitness between 



circumstances ' by perpetuating 

 and intensifying any minute variations of a favourable 

 nature ^. The latter is^ however^ only one amongst other 

 agencies which are capable of giving rise to specific 

 transmutations^ although Mn Darwin often speaks of 



' Seep. 573, 



organisms and their 





I 



I 





more 



or 



of lool 

 co-orc 



..operate in 



iated b 



iteot, 



be initio' 



Darwin 



seems 



SI 



ional caus 





rf which he 1 

 tki the hea 



Having ma 

 principal mod( 

 organisms are 

 ling to admit 

 much more p 

 isms, Andy( 

 % as we hav 

 ^d structure 



'^f organic 

 ^P'leineromor 



\ 



