Apple Spraying Experiments in 1916 and 1917. 125 



fied spraying program fruit russeting has been materially re- 

 duced and the percentage of merchantable fruit consequently 

 increased. Similar results were reported to the writer by a few 

 of the leading apple growers of the State who sprayed parts of 

 their orchards in this manner in 1916. 



CALYX NOZZLE. 



It has been the aim in these series of experiments to develop 

 more efficient spraying methods as applied to local conditions 

 and not primarily to make comparative tests of materials and 

 appliances. Nearly every year, however, it has seemed wise 

 for one reason or another to include something of this kind, 

 usually limited to a single plot. The Friend calyx nozzle was 

 used on plot 2 on account of the fact that instances had been 

 called to the writer's attention where it was stated that better 

 control of scab was obtained from lime-sulphur applied with it 

 than with the ordinary mist type of nozzle. 



In comparing the results secured in 19 16 on plots 1 and 2, 

 Table I, it will be seen that slightly better scab control was ob- 

 tained with the mist type of nozzle than with the semi-drive 

 type. On the other hand, there was a difference of some 15 

 per cent in the amount of russeting, in favor of the latter. 

 Whether this has any special significance it is impossible to 

 say at present. 



DRY LIME-SULPHUR. 



There was nothing in the action of this material either 

 season to indicate that it is anything different from what the 

 manufacturers claim it to be. In fact the results secured with 

 it, at the strength used, were quite similar to those secured with 

 dilutions of home-made, liquid concentrates of lime-sulphur. 

 In 1916 it was slightly less efficient in scab control, but in 1917 

 it was plainly more efficient. Compare plots 1 and 8, Table I, 

 and plots 5 and 10, Table III. It will be seen also that the first 

 season the spray made from dry lime-sulphur produced less 

 fruit russeting, but the second year it caused considerably more. 

 The per cents of merchantable apples were in favor of the dry 

 lime-sulphur both seasons. 



