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HYDROGRAPHY. 



67 



that the general feature 



IL Hydrography requires 

 aiid aspect of every country should be noted from the 

 moment the hills rise above the horizon ; that all re- 

 markable objects by which it may be recognised, and by 

 which the position of any port or other locality may be 

 known, eitLer at a distance when the weather is clear, or 

 close in when haze or mist prevails, should be described 

 as graphically as possible ; that the extent, direction, and 

 outline of the coast ; its capabilities of aiFording shelter 

 to shipping ; its dangers, or freedom from them ; its 

 navigable rivers, harbours, and inlets ; and the objects 



Sailina D 





hould be fully 



and carefully recorded ; and here it is difHcult to avoid 

 infringing upon what properly belongs to geography. The 

 two sciences are indeed here so nearly allied, that it is 

 scarcely possible to avoid encroacliing upon the province 

 of the sister branch. The observer will, however, do w^ell 

 to describe or delineate the character of the country as far 

 as he can become acquainted with it ; the form and ele- 

 vation of such hills as are visible from the coast : the 

 direction of the vallevs and ravines ; and to mark the 

 places where they pour their mountain-torrents into the 

 sea ; to portray the bold topping cliffs, or low rocky pro- 



montories and their reefs ; the jutti'^g headlands or deep 

 sinuosities ; or the low undulating country with its lag- 

 ging streams and muddy or sandy fringe of coast; its 

 shallows, bars, and deltas, each as the case may be ; with 

 its lighthouses, beacons, buoys, and landmarks, stating the 



distance which tliey may severally be seen ; with even the 

 forts, towers, churches, and silvery little clusters of cot- 

 tages upon the inland elevations ; with such other varied 



