68 



HYDROGRAPHY. 



[Sect, III. 



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features as the coast may present, and as may serve to 

 convey a just idea of what may be expected to meet the 

 eye of the navigator, or be required to keep him clear 

 of danger, and to guide him in safety to his place of 



destination. 



At a distance there is generally some object more re- 

 markable than another which may be singled out as a 

 useful landmark. Note what it is, describe its appear- 

 ance, and state in what direction the port, or any dantrer 

 that may lie off the coast, bears from it. 



Should the coast be low, buildir 

 first : large square houses or towers, church-spires, &c. ; 

 any of these afford useful guides. Some localities may 

 be distinguished in hazy weather hj patches qf white near 

 the coast, such as masses of sand, chalk cliffs, &c., or one 

 or more large white houses; and these, when viewed 

 against the land or other dark objects, will occasionally 

 afford excellent guides when all other objects are ob- 

 scured, and at such timics are doubly useful. But avoid 

 narks all lohite objects which have only the sky for a 



; such objects are seen only when the sun 

 shines upon the surface presented to the observer, but 

 utterly mil in ha::y weather, wlien they are wanted. 



bear in mind that no description can equal a 

 tolerably faithful sketch, accompanied by bearings 

 all your sketches take angles roughly, with a sextant 

 between objects at the extremities of your drawing, and 

 two or more interm.ediate ones, and affix them to the 

 objects at the moment, and have at least one angular 

 height in the picture ; let that be of the highest and 

 most conspicuous or best defined object ; thus 



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