--"<ii 





Sect. XIIL] 



ETHNOLOay. 



427 



*4 





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and transverse diameters of the skull, wliich will show 



whether the skulls of the tribe belong to the elongated 



form or to a rounder one. The facial angle may also be 

 taken, formed by two lines, one of which falls from the 

 forehead slanting over the edge of the upper jaw-bone, 

 and the other passing from the meatus auditorius to the 

 basis of the nose. The breadth of the face should also be 



the zygomatic 



taken by measuring the space between 

 arches. In well-formed heads of the European type, the 

 lateral surfaces of the zygomatic '^rches lire parallel to 

 the temples or the lateral surface of the frontal bone ; so 

 that the breadth of the forehead above the eyes is equal 

 to the breadth of the face from cheek-bone to cheek-bone, 

 measured by a line passing across the bridge of the nose. 

 But in the Turanian type, common to the Chinese, Mon- 

 golians, and other nations of High Asia, the forehead is 



so much more narrow than the face as to give the upper 



part of the head almost a pyramidal form. An account 

 should be taken of these characteristics, w^iich most obvl« 

 ously distinguish the High Asiatic from the European 

 type, and likewise of the extent of the upper and lov/er 

 jawn, an excess of which is the chief peculiarity in the 

 head of the Negro, and of other races approaching the 



Negro type. The oval, pyramidal, and prognathous 

 types, as above described, constitute the three leading 

 varieties in the form of the human head, but. 



together 



with the description of these characters, notice should be 

 token of every peculiarity that can be detected on a care- 

 ful inspection of the cranium, or of the 'leads of living 

 persons, when skulls cannot be obtained. 



Observations on the form and structure of the body 



•j* 





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