f 



\. 



Sect. XIII.] 



ETHNOLOGY. 



429 



I 



(} 



1 



1 ' 



1 1 r 



:^ 



I 



\ i 



'h 



\- 



\ 





I 



i 



. I 



regard to newly discoverefl tribes, wheneyer opportunity 

 is afforded by the accidental rc~^dence of medical persons 

 in any place, or other contingent causes may promise to 

 afford accurate results. 



Pathological observations are nearly connected with 

 physiology. It behoves the traveller to collect whatever 

 information he can acquire as to the diseases prevalent in 

 any tribe of people, or among the inhabitants of any 

 country which it is his fortune to explore. 



Q 



II. Characteristics of the State of Society^ ^-e. 



lestions which have regard to men in their social 

 state, or as members of tribes or communities, take a 

 much wider scope thcUi the personal history of individuals. 

 The ordinary habits of life and the modes of obtainin 

 subsistence are the first topics that present themselves 

 when we proceed to this branch of the subject. The 

 rudest or most simple 



± 





of human society is not 



without its appropriate arts. Some of these indicate as 



much cnterp 



^te 



great activity of 



the intellectual faculties, as the practices of more civilized 

 men. People who subsist on the spontaneous fruits of 

 the earth, without pasture of cattle or cultivation of the 

 soil, must exercise great ability in merely obtaining the 

 means of subsistence. This is called the hunting state. 

 It is not always a primitive condition of men. The history 

 of the South African nations proves that tribes of people 

 may sink into it from a higher state. The Bushmen once 

 resembled the pastoral Hottentots : and even the African 



bushmen, as well as the Australian savaees and the most 



destitute of the Esquimaux and other Am-crican tribes 



