Ai» 



Ui 



I 



t 



«:: 





App, ] 



ETHNOLOGY. 



443 



o5, 

 36. 

 37. 



as in Eugl lian^; Germ, klin^ a; Ital. lingua franca. 



i:^.-_ 



v as m i'X\ SiVish vie?j, 



y The nasal sound in Minix, D.'zieper. 



33. k as in Engl, ^ait: Gavm. i/exe; Fr. i7altel 



39. X ^s in Germ. lacAen: Span. Ximenes, reloj ; Gael, cmac.^an. 



40. y as in Germ, gelten ; Gael. Lu^^. 



Any supplemental letters maj be usedj if exactly exemijllned and 

 identified, for sounds peculiar to certain languages, as the Caffer and 

 Hottentot clicks, &c. 



Rules to he ohserved. 



1. 



Do not use a running hand in writing from procTinciation, but form 

 each letter separately ; take care act to confound a and a. 



For capitals use tiie small characters enlarged. 



3, A vowel sound is understood to be prolo^.^ed by repeating its 



character acccrding to the analogy of the German and Dutch. If 



the sound be really r-_^ ated, as in Oolite, insert a hyphen O-o thus 



0-0, or an apostrophe O'o. If the Yowei be simply once written, it 



^ '] 



If 



expresses the shortest sound conveying the fall vowel sound, 

 intended to be very short, or to have that abruptness which has 

 been called the stopped sound before a consonant, double the con- 

 sonant, especially if the ** stopped sound " be really perceptibly 

 difterent as a true vowel sound from the -^open," which in the 

 English is sometimes the case. 

 4. Two different vowels coming together, when the first is intended to 

 be shortened to the utmost possible degree consistent with the 

 distinct audibility of its vowel character, it is to be prefixed singly 

 to the other ; as in the so-called English diphthongs ol, tu foi, iuu). 



or, as in such words as i 



^j-^^ 



qu 



a 



ff 



(uett, ii, kuaft). 



But if the 



vowels are intended to be separately and distinctly pronounced, as in 

 the Italian pai^ra, an apostrophe must be interposed, as pa'uura, or, 

 if still more completely separated, a hyphen. 

 5. h means rdways a true aspiration, except in the combinations sh^ zh, 

 th, dh— for which, if any one should prefer to write J] 5, 6, and 9 



■ and with our entire 



respectively, he may do so with much ndvantc 



among other con- 



approbation. The insertion of h in its true pi- " 

 sonants is a matter of much nicety, and requires an exact and dis 

 criminating car. 

 6. The " obscure vowel," No. 14, represented by a large unrnistakeable 

 fullpoint, occurs only in such words as T>eople, lieben (Germ.), &e. 

 Its nearest representative as a prolonged sound is v (in the above 

 nomenclature) ; but it is a great fault to use this character, or any 

 equivalent one, in cases where a realj distinguishable^ and particu- 



