8 BULLETIlSr 955, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



includes alfalfa, cowpea, lespedeza, and other marketable legume 

 hays when pure, or when so slightly mixed with grasses as not ma- 

 terially to affect the protein content; and (3) commercial carbohy- 

 drate hay, which refers to all marketable hays except those classified 

 as commercial leguminous roughage. 



Succulent roughage consists of silage and such feeds as sweet potatoes 

 and soiling crops. 



The quantities of the various feeds used were obtained from 

 actual weights made by the field agent on his regular monthly visit 

 to each farm. Purchased concentrates were charged at the price 

 paid and home-grown grains at the market price less cost of market- 

 ing. The various salable roughages were charged at the market 

 price on the farm, and noncommercial roughages at a price commen- 

 surate with their value as compared with marketable roughage. 



On some of the farms, the pastures had been seeded and fenced, 

 and received considerable care. On other farms the herds were 

 allowed tc graze over the " Piney- Woods " pasture, which consisted 

 of cut-over timber lands. This land produced some grass and con- 

 siderable underbrush. Practically the only charge for the '^Piney- 

 Woods" pasture was the extra time for a man and horse to hunt the 

 cows and drive them home. The pasture did not cost much and its 

 value as a source of feed was low. 



LABOR. 



The average labor rate per hour was obtained by dividing the 

 wages per month plus such extra consideration as board, house 

 rent, milk, and fuel by the total number of hours available for work. 



The hours available for work during the month were deternuned 

 by the field man on his monthly visit to each farm. He noted the 

 time work began in the morning and when it ceased in the evening, 

 subtracting the time for meals and rest. The hours per day thus 

 obtained were multiplied by the number of working days in that 

 month, to which was added the work necessary on Sundays. 



No charge for management was made, owing to the fact that no 

 satisfactory basis could be found upon which to make such charge. 

 The manager was allowed wages, for the time he worked as a regular 

 hand, at the same rate per hour as it would have been necessary to 

 pay if he had hired a man of equal skill to do the work. It should 

 be remembered, therefore, that in any place where costs are shown 

 the charge for skill of management has been omitted. 



Table 6 shows that 75 per cent of the work in winter and 70.9 per 

 cent of the work in summer was performed by men. The remainder 

 of the work was performed by women or by boys and girls. 



