14 BULLETIIT 955, U. S. DEPARTMENT OY AGRICULTURE. 



During the first year, 56.9 per cent of the yearly income from milk, 

 59.7 per cent of the yearly quantity of milk, and 44.6 per cent of the 

 yearly cost of feed, bedding, and pasture, came during the summer 

 season. This shows a difference of 2.8 between percentage of the in- 

 come from milk and the volume of milk. The difference between the 

 income from milk and the feed, bedding, and pasture cost amounted 



to 12.3 per cent. 



SUMMARY. 



Feed, bedding, and pasture cost amounted to 53.4 per cent of the 

 total cost of production. Labor made up 24.2 per cent; and other 

 costs, including depreciation on herd, amounted to 22.4 per cent. 

 (See Table 8.) 



The requirements for producing 100 pounds of milk in winter were: 

 Concentrates, 72.4 pounds; hauling and grinding grain, $0,095; 

 dry roughage, 38.3 pounds; silage and other succulent roughage, 

 78.4 pounds; pasture, $0,155; bedding, 0.3 of a pound; human labor, 

 5.8 hours; horse labor, 0.9 of an hour; total other costs, $1,220. 

 (See Table 1.) Credits for winter production other than milk: 

 Manure, 127.7 pounds; calves, 0.033 of one calf. (See Tables 3 and4.) 



In summer the requirements were: Concentrates, 52.5 pounds; 

 hauling and grinding grain, $0,050; dry roughage, 1.9 pounds; 

 silage and other succulent roughage, 8.1 pounds; pasture, $0,197; 

 human labor, 5 hours; horse labor, 0.7 of an hour; total other costs, 

 $0,803. Credits other than milk: Manure, 78.2 pounds; calves, 

 0.023 of one calf. 



To keep a cow one year it required: Concentrates, 1,893 pounds; 

 hauling and grinding grain, $2.14; dry roughage, 538 pounds; 

 silage and other succulent roughage, 1,171 pounds; bedding, 4 

 pounds; pasture, $5.58; human labor, 164.5 hours; horse labor, 

 23.7 hours; total other costs, $30.40. (See Table 2.) Credits other 

 than milk: Calves, 0.8 of one calf; manure, 3,060 pounds. 



To keep a bull one year requires: Grain, 1,202 pounds; hauling 

 grain, $1.07; dry roughage, 779 pounds; silage and other succulent 

 roughage, 1,126 pounds; bedding, 4 pounds; pasture, $4.66; human 

 labor, 33.6 hours; total other costs, $23.40; credit for appreciation 

 or increase in value of bulls, $20.89. (See Table 5.) 



The dairy work was distributed as follows: Winter, men, 75 per 

 cent; women, 16.2 per cent; boys and girls, 8.8 per cent; Summer, 

 men, 70.9 per cent; women, 18 per cent; boys and girls, 11.1 per cent. 

 (See Table 6.) 



Interest, depreciation, taxes, insurance, and upkeep and repairs 

 amounted to 22.1 per cent of the capital invested. (See Table 7.) 



During each of the two winters the average income received from 

 milk was 63 cents per 100 pounds below the average cost of production, 



