TPIE EUROPEAlSr HOESE-P.ADISH WEBW()R.A[. 5 



Britain and Ireland. In Canada it has been reported from Cape 

 Breton Island, Little Bras d'Or, Old Chelsea, Quebec, and Xova 

 Scotia. In the Ignited States it has been established for many years at 

 Cambridge, Mass. Specimens are in the United States Xational 

 Museum and it is noted as occurring in the following localities: 

 Alban3% Eochester, Kendall, N. Y. ; Chester, X. J. ; Cambridge and 

 North Adams, Mass.; New Hampshire; northern Illinois; Madison, 

 Wis. ; Washington, D. C. ; and Arlington, Va. 



The known distribution is shown in the map (fig. T). 



NOTES OF OCCURRENCE AND HABITS. 



The moth of this species was collected by the writer in September. 

 1898, at Washington, D. C, showing that it has evidently l^een estal)- 

 lished in this vicinity for several 

 years, presumably feeding on horse- 

 radisli, though in small numbers, 

 since it did not attract attention 

 until 1919. 



The records of the Bureau of 

 Entomology show that the species 

 was received July 27, 1903, from 

 Dr. E. P. Felt, Albany, N. Y. 



June 21, 1913, larA^ae were ob- 

 served attacking horse-radish at 

 Chester, N. J., by H. O. Marsh. 

 Larvae under observation on June 

 30 burrowed into the soil and spun 

 cocoons. The first of these trans- 

 formed to pupa July 23, and the 

 moth issued August 13, making the 

 pupal period in this case 21 days. 



June 14, 1914, specimens were received from Mr. Francis R. Fox- 

 croft, Avith report that the larvae were injuring turnip and radish at 

 Cambridge, Mass., and that the leaves had been almost entirely 

 devoured in that vicinity. 



July 15, 1919, William II. White, Bureau of Entomology, observed 

 larvae on horse-radish at Arlington, Va., and later the writer observed 

 this insect in the same locality. 



Eggs which were deposited July 17, 1919, hatched July 24. and the 

 larvae from this lot, feeding on horse-radish leaves, began to transform 

 to pupae August 5. In this case the egg period was 7 days. The tem- 

 ])erature was normal for the season, 04° to 91° F., and averairing 

 77° F. 



By the third week of July, 1919. all moths from larvw in confine- 

 ment liad issued fi'om the cocoons; but anothei- lot containina- nianv 



Fic 



-Distribution of European liorsc 

 railisli W('l)\vorm. 



