16 BULLETIlSr 972, V. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEKJULTURE. 



succulent roughage, 93.6 pounds; pasture, $0,108; bedding, 11.1 

 pounds; human labor, 2 hours; horse labor, 0.06 hour; total other 

 costs except depreciation on cows, $0,788; depreciation on cows, 

 $0,081. During the summer six months there were required: Con- 

 centrates, 11 pounds; hauling and grinding concentrates, $0,004; 

 dry roughage, 51.2 pounds; silage and other succulent roughage, 

 29.3 pounds; pasture, $0,653; bedding, 0.5 pound; human labor, 

 1.9 hours; horse labor, 0.08 hour; total other costs except deprecia- 

 tion on cows, $0,805; depreciation on cows, $0,084. (Table 1.) 



The requirements for keeping a cow one year were: Concentrates, 

 1,529 pounds; hauling and grinding concentrates, $0.60; dry rough- 

 age, 4,275 pounds; silage and other succulent roughage, 3,593 pounds; 

 pasture, $22.01; bedding, 340 pounds; human labor, 113.6 hours; 

 horse labor, 3.2 hours; total other costs except depreciation on cows, 

 $46.35; depreciation on cows $4.78. (Table 2.) 



There was a credit, per year, of 0.93 of 1 calf for each cow, which 

 amounted to 0.03 of 1 calf for each 100 pounds of milk produced. 

 (Table 3.) The credit for manure per cow per year amounted to 7,749 

 pounds, and for 100 pounds of milk it amounted to 264 pounds. 

 (Table 4.) It was estimated that a ton of this manure contained 9.5 

 pounds of nitrogen, 2.9 pounds of phosphoric acid, and 9.8 pounds 

 of potash. (Page 8.) 



In the winter season 54.3 per cent of the work was performed by the 

 manager, 26.4 per cent by the hired men, 12.9 per cent by women, and 

 6.4 per cent by boys and girls. During the surmaier 51.1 per cent was 

 performed by the manager, 21.1 per cent by hired men, 16.8 per cent 

 by women, and 11 per cent by boys and girls. (Table 6.) 



The building costs for the year were 13.8 per cent of the capital 

 invested in them, the equipment costs were 22.9 per cent of the capital 

 invested in equipment, and herd charges were 10.4 per cent of the capi- 

 tal invested in the herd. The combined cost of buildings, equipment, 

 and herd was 12.6 per cent of the total capital invested in them. 

 (Table 8.) 



Fifty-six per cent of the cost of milk was due to feed, bedding, and 

 pasture, 16.8 per cent to labor, 2.6 per cent to depreciation on cows, 

 and 24.6 per cent to other costs. There was a credit of 6.2 per cent 

 for calves and 7.4 per cent for manure. (Table 9.) 



The average incomes from milk during the first winter and summer 

 were not sufficient to meet the average costs during those seasons. 

 In the second year the incomes were above the average costs in both 

 seasons. (Table 10.) 



The greater percentage of the year's income was received in the 

 winter, but the feed, pasture, and bedding costs were heavier at this 

 time and exceeded the summer costs by a greater percentage than the 

 winter receipts exceeded the summer receipts. (Table 11.) 



WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE : 1921 



