236 The Philijjpine Journal of Science im 



the generic description is often sufficient, and as this monograph 

 may possibly be the basis of future paleontologic work in the 

 University of the Philippines I have followed this procedure 

 for the convenience of students. If more detailed information 

 regarding the species is desired, the student can go to the 

 original descriptions, using the references furnished in the text. 

 Where good plates are available, descriptions are rarely needed. 



The first part of this paper gives a general summary of the 

 lithology and distribution of Philippine rocks with more detailed 

 discussion of the Philippine sedimentary series, making com- 

 parisons with Java, particularly, and with other neighboring 

 islands. There exists a very close similarity between the 

 stratigraphy of the Philippines and Java, and nearly every 

 species can be duplicated in collections from Java now deposited 

 in the Geologisches Reichs-museum in Leiden. The same might 

 be true of Borneo and Celebes, but geological investigations have 

 not proceeded far enough in those islands to be of as much 

 assistance as those that have been carried on in Java. 



I have made the determinations of the species in this paper 

 under considerable difficulties, for when the work was started 

 there were practically no books on paleontology in Manila, and 

 even at the present time we have only a few of the important 

 works. The existing Spanish collections of fossils and living 

 shells in Manila were almost useless, and there was only one 

 fossil from the Philippines, Vicarya callosa, which had been 

 figured, and that in a short preliminary brochure by K. Martin 

 of Leiden. 



In 1908 I took a portion of the Bureau of Science collection 

 to Leiden and compared the specimens with Martin's Javan types 

 and the Semper collection of Philippine fossils as yet undescribed. 

 From Leiden I proceeded to London where I worked over con- 

 siderable material and studied the literature in the British Mu- 

 seum of Natural History. 



Before undertaking this work I offered several groups of 

 fossils to different specialists in the United States to be worked 

 up, but met with no success, these men invariably giving the 

 excuse that they had more than they could do at home. I met 

 with better success abroad, and Professor Douville of Paris has 

 identified the greater part of our foraminiferal material, and 

 his results have been published. 2 



Rather than delay the rest of the work longer, I have proceeded 

 with my own limited resources with the hope that the results 



2 This Journal, Sec. D (1911), 6, 53. 



