Miocene. 



Upper OHgocene. 



240 The Philippine Journal of Science mi 



The soft marly limestone of Cebu is best developed at Naga, 

 Cebu, where good raw cement materials occur. Much the same 

 formation is found over extensive areas of Pangasinan Province. 



According to the Foraminifera these limestones and marls 

 contain, Douville 7 has recognized three principal horizons, as 

 shown in Table I. 



Table I. — The Philippine Tertiary. 



(After Douville.) 

 Philippines. Borneo. 



c Upper limestone with small Lep. c.f. verbeeki miogypsina. H Burdigalien 



Lepidocyclines. 

 6 Sandstone and shale. Clycoclypeus communis, Or- ~ 



bitolites alveolineUa, Mio- p Aquitanien. 

 gypsina. 

 a Middle limestone with large Lep. insulae-natalis, formosa, -g 

 Lepidocyclines. richthofeni. 



Lower limestone with Num- Nummulites niasi Verb., 

 mulites, coal measures. Amphistegina c.f. niasi, he- D Stampien. 



pidocyclina. 



In an article on coal-mining operations on Batan Island in the 

 early days of the American occupation, Reinholt 8 writes as 

 follows : 



The sedimentary series belong unquestionably to the Tertiary Period. 

 Professor Mayer of Zurich and Doctor Dall of our Smithsonian Institution, 

 agree, from the examination of fossils collected and personally submitted 

 by me, that the upper limestone should be referred to the Oligocene epoch.* 



This does not agree exactly with Douville's findings which were 

 based on the Foraminifera. I have collected Ampullinopsis on 

 Batan Island, but from the lower limestone. 



Sandstones and conglomerates. — In the coal measures there 

 are several small seams which may be called grit. Sometimes 

 the quartz fragments in this grit are over 2 centimeters in 

 diameter. In addition there is at least one thick stratum of a 

 very impure, grayish sandstone overlying the uppermost coal 

 seams in most parts of the Islands, and this is particularly well 

 developed in Cebu. This formation more properly should be 

 called an arkose rather than a sandstone, because it contains more 

 feldspathic, hornblendic, etc. material. There is very little 

 pure quartz sandstone in the Archipelago. 



The conglomerates are of two classes — basal and subaerial. 



The greatest development of conglomerate in the Islands is 

 that bordering the igneous complex of north-central Luzon, as 



' This Journal, Sec. D (1911), 6, 77. 

 "Eng. Mag. (1906), 30, 510. 



' "The presence of Ampullinopsis among the shells is indicative of this 

 age." — Letter from Dr. Wm. H. Dall. [Footnote in the original.] 



