vni, a, 5 Pratt and Smith: Petroleum Resources 305 



Even in stream beds, geological observations are generally con- 

 fined to sections where active erosion is in progress. Where 

 limestone forms a part of the rock series, as in Tayabas, the uni- 

 versal deposition of travertine by flowing water is another factor 

 which tends to conceal the geologic relations. 



The best criterion of the degree of accuracy which should be 

 accorded to this report is to be gained from a consideration of 

 the relative precision of the field methods employed. In one 

 sense, the closely determined elevations usually required for the 

 proper correlation of deep-well records were not essential to this 

 preliminary work in as much as no deep wells have been drilled 

 in the area described. Owing to the lack of deep wells, on the 

 other hand, the degree of conformity between surface and under- 

 ground strata in their structural relations and thicknesses is 

 unknown, and the structure recorded may not be that of the 

 deep-lying formations. 



GEOGRAPHY 



The established native usage is followed in this paper for 

 place names, the names of natural features, rivers, mountains, 

 etc. Where words have been passed upon by the United States 

 Geographic Board, the accepted spelling is adopted. 



SITUATION 



The area over which oil seeps are known to occur in Tayabas, 

 as shown on the accompanying map, includes that part of Bon- 

 doc Peninsula south of the towns of Catanauan and San Nar- 

 ciso, or approximately the southern half of the peninsula. The 

 territory mapped has an average width of 17 kilometers, is 50 

 kilometers long, and contains an area of 700 square kilometers. 

 Bondoc Peninsula marks the southern termination of the East- 

 ern Cordillera of Luzon. It is a long, narrow strip of land pro- 

 truding to the south-southeast from the southern coast of the 

 mainland of Luzon. The parallel of 13 degrees and 30 minutes 

 of north latitude and the meridian of 122 degrees and 30 min- 

 utes of east longitude pass through the region in which the 

 oil seeps occur. The principal towns at which steamers touch, 

 Catanauan and Mulanay on the west coast, are about 320 kilo- 

 meters (sailing distance) from Manila. The position of Bon- 

 doc Peninsula with reference to the other parts of the Philippine 

 Archipelago is shown on the index map. 



TRANSPORTATION 



The only access to the lower part of Bondoc Peninsula at 

 present is by steamship. Several small boats touch at Catana- 

 uan irregularly, averaging once a week, while the same boats 



