QUARTZYTES AND SANDSTONES. 47 



The most southern quarry is owned by Mrs. Charles Cox. It 

 was formerly worked by the Potsdam Sandstone Company. It 

 is on the left bank of the river and close to the water. The 

 covering of drift earth and sandstone strata is 20 to 30 feet 

 thick at the west, and the same thickness was observed in the 

 strata uncovered to the eastward. On the north the covering is 

 only five feet thick. A striking feature of this quarry is the 

 change in the direction of the strike, due apparently to a fault. 

 At the west side the beds dip 35° to 38° S. 25° W., and the same 

 dip and direction appear on the east side, but in the middle sec- 

 tion of the quarry, having a breadth of 20 yards, approximately, 

 the dip is 38° S. 65° W. The opening is not more than 90. yards 

 long from north to south, and 50 yards wide at the north. The 

 deeper part of the quarry has now 30 to 40 feet of water in it. The 

 stone on the north side is thin-bedded, and these thin beds are worked 

 for flagging and for crosswalk stone. The joints or "cut-offs" are 

 vertical, or nearly so, and run generally in an easterly and westerly 

 direction. A second system of joints runs nearly vertically, north 

 and south, and these joints are generally close enough together to 

 give convenient size to the blocks. Some of the strata show oblique 

 lamination, but in general the layers are parallel with the bedding 

 planes. The lamination is prominent in the stone because of diverse 

 coloring, being red, gray and black, and hence some of the dark-lined 

 stone is here locally termed " black stone." Very little work is done 

 at this quarry and that is in getting flagging and crosswalk stone, and 

 the stone is sold to dealers. The beds are wedged oft' by bars and 

 split by sledging and hammer-dressed to sizes wanted. 



The quarry of Thomas S. Clarkson is about a fourth of a mile 

 down stream on the left bank. The covering here is 50 feet thick, 

 and consists of a glacial drift ; and the upper surface of the stone is 

 glaciated. The beds dip at an angle of 10° to the south-west. The 

 The main joints run vertically in a south-westerly course. The face 

 of this quarry opens to the south, and is about 100 yards long from 

 east to west. Blocks of a very large size can here be obtained, as 

 large as can be conveniently removed from the quarry. The drain- 

 age is natural, and no machinery is employed. The great thickness 

 of the covering on the quarry stone makes the working of this quarry 

 expensive, and it is no longer worked vigorously as in former years. 

 The stone is fine-grained, compact and hard, and mostly of a salmon 

 color. The dark-lined or "black stone" is harder to dress than the 

 lighter colored varieties. 



