QUARTZYTES AND SANDSTONES. 79 



above the stream, so that the drainage of the quarry is natural. It 

 was first opened ten years ago. The drift earth is broken down by 

 blasting, and is carried away in cars on a tramway to the dump near 

 the bottom of the ravine. The face of the quarry is about 500 feet 

 in length, from north to south, but the workino- is confined to 300 

 feet at the south end. The stripping is done in the winter season, 

 after the quarry work is over. As the excavation moves westward, 

 and into the hillside, new strata appear at the top, and thus the total 

 thickness of the quarry beds is increased so much. The strata are 

 horizontal. A remarkably regular series of joints are in the upper 

 courses or tiers of stone, in an east-north-east direction, and they are from 

 15 inches to 23 feet apart. They do not go down into the thick- 

 bedded stone at the bottom, which is known as liver-rock. Some of 

 them are close and are known as " silver " joints or seams, the surfaces 

 being coated with calcite ; others are filled with mud (mud joints or 

 seams) in thickness from two to four inches. Cross seams or headers 

 are rarely seen. The top stone, for a depth of 10 feet downward, is 

 thin-bedded and shaly in part, and is practically waste and is thrown 

 out on the dump. Some of it would answer for common walls or 

 rubble work, but owing to the lack of a market, it is not used. Then 

 there are beds which are from four inches upwards, thick, and 

 having a total thickness of 10 feet, which aie used for platforms. 

 Stone 22 feet long by 10 feet, or as wide as can be shipped, can be 

 obtained. And the surfaces are very smooth ; they make admirable 

 platform stone. At the bottom there are two thick beds, each 4 feet 

 thick, which are known as liver-rock. They are cut by channelling 

 machine. The stone has a blue shade in color, and a homogeneous 

 texture, and is capable of receiving fine dressing. At the bottom 

 there is a bed of hard, blue stone, which has not been tested. This 

 quarry might go deeper without sinking below the level of the water. 

 A crushing test of the strength of this stone, made in 1884, showed 

 a resistance of 12,152 to 13,472 pounds to the square inch. The 

 equipment consists of one derrick for removing the stone from the 

 drift earth, one derrick in the quarry and one on the* dressing 

 grounds (all of which are worked by horse power), one boiler-house, 

 one Ingersoll channelling machine, and one steam drill. Works for 

 sawing and dressing the stone, to be run by steam power, are now in 

 course of erection, not far from the quarry, and in the village. The 

 stone is carted to the D., L. & W. railroad, three-quarters of a mile 

 away. The principal market is New York city, and the output the 



