96 Report on Building Stone of New York. 



armory. The openings are shallow, consisting in the removal of the 

 top strata from what was originally a ledge, projecting above the gen- 

 eral level of the surface. The beds dip 16° to 20° in a north-north- 

 west direction. Two well-marked systems of vertical joints traverse 

 the rock at right angles to one another. One runs a little west of north 

 and the other north of east. The beds are from 2 to 8 feet thick. The 

 stone is hard, compact, very strong, and of a bluish-black color, weath- 

 ering to a pale shade, and on exposure to a buff. The weathered sur- 

 surfaces show clay seams, which are from one-sixteenth to one-fourth of 

 an inch thick, and lie in the planes of the bedding. These seams have a 

 yellowish, dirty color, contrasting with the blue, calcareous portion of 

 the mass. Some of the upper layers in this quarry contain black flint 

 or chert, in thin layers ; also some scattering pyrite, on the weathered 

 natural surfaces, and occasionally some calcite or quartz. Owing to 

 the bedding and the joints the rock is readily broken into large, rec- 

 tangular blocks, and thereby the work of quarrying is facilitated very 

 much. The stone is adapted to heavy mason work. Limestone has 

 been obtained at several points in this same lot, from the cemetery on 

 the south- w r est to Union avenue, near the Kingston & Rondout rail- 

 road. The stone for the Poughkeepsie bridge was obtained here. 

 The quarry has been worked by Frank Madden. At the quarry near 

 the City Hall and south-east of Madden's residence, the limestone 

 shows bedding with a dip at a moderate angle to the south-east. 



Noone & Madden Quarry. — Limestone in the western part of 

 the city has been opened by Noone & Madden and worked by 

 them. This quarry is about 200 yards distant from Washington 

 avenue and near Pearl street. It consists in the removal of one or 

 two layers from the exposed, outcropping limestone, over an area of 

 several acres, where the natural surface slopes with the dip of the 

 beds, east-south-east, at an angle of 10°. The well-marked joints, 

 which are vertical, run north 10° east and north 80° west. They 

 are at distances convenient for working, and the quarrying operation 

 is simply in lifting the beds or blocks bounded by these joint divisions. 

 This stone also shows clay seams, in lines parallel to the bed, although 

 more irregular than in the O'Reilly quarries. Some pyrite in scatter- 

 ing crystals is observed in the stone. On weathering, they give the 

 surface a brownish or rusty look. The stone from this quarry has 

 been used for the construction of buildings in the city of Kingston. 

 The clay seams make the stone look unsightly, although they do not 



