Limestones. 97 



impair the strength or durability, except when the stone is set on 

 edge.] 



These Kingston quarries are not worked continuously. A ^large 

 amount of stone was taken from them for the Brooklyn 'bridge an- 

 chorage and piers. It was used in the first bridge over the Hudson 

 river at Albany ; in the sea-wall, Battery park, New York ; in the 

 dock wall of the Watervliet Arsenal ; in locks at Cohoes'and Water- 

 ford ; and in a church at Kingston and in one at Newburgh. 



Greenport, Columbia- County. — The crystalline limestone lof 

 the isolated Bee raft mountain, near Hudson, has afforded a large 

 amount of excellent building stone to the city of Hudson almost 

 from its earliest settlement. The ridge is an outlier in the Hudson 

 river slate territory and its structure is that 'of an open synclinal 

 fold. Its rocks belong to the Water-lime and Lower Helderberg 

 groups. The quarries are on the northern end and on the western 

 front of the escarpment. The older openings, known as the Berridge 

 quarry, are on the northern foot. Tney are extensive, but are no 

 longer worked. The quarry of F. W. Jones is further south and 

 higher up ; and is about one and a half miles from the railroad 

 station (Hudson), and the same distance from the river. The cover- 

 ing of earth is slight where the workings have opened the beds. The 

 dip of the beds in the northern part of the quarry is 10° south-east ; 

 in the south opening the dip is 6° to 8° east-south-east. There are 

 two systems of joints of which one runs south-east, vertically. 

 The beds are from 6 inches to 4 feet thick and somewhat uneven 

 on their surfaces. The stone is gray in color, sub-crystalline to crys- 

 talline and highly fossiliferous. It is nearly pure carbonate of lime* 

 It is quite easily dressed and takes a good polish, and the polished 

 surfaces have a variegated, reddish-gray aspect. It has been used 

 to some extent as an interior decorative material, principally in 

 Boston, and is known as " coral-shell marble." The Presbyterian 

 church in Hudson is built of this stone. The quarry work is now 

 mainly for supplying flux to blast furnaces on the Hudson. The 

 location is convenient for economical working, as there is no pumping 

 and the stripping is light. The stone is carted to the Hudson station. 

 A branch railway line from the river to the quarry is partly graded. 

 The quarry equipment includes channelling machines, steam drills and 

 machinery for cutting and polishing. 



