Limestones. 123 



It is worked for lock stone mainly. There are two derricks at the 

 quarry. The stone has to be carted to Syracuse. 



The Shonnard Hill quarries are opened and worked by J. J. Mc- 

 Lean, Jas. Connor, Cornelius Crowley, and Hughes Brothers. 



The Hughes Brothers' quarry, at the south, is the oldest and the 

 largest of this group. The locality has been opened for many years. 

 Two courses or beds only are worked, and together are about 4 feet 

 thick. At the bottom there is a gray limestone, which is seamy. 

 These seams or joints run east and west and dip south, steeply. Blocks 

 of very large size, limited only by the capacity for handling, can be 

 obtained here. The stone is carted to Syracuse, and dressed at the 

 yard of Hughes Brothers. 



Crowley's quarry is separated from the above mentioned by a 

 property line only. The beds are horizontal ; and the stone is very 

 similar to that of the Hughes Brothers' quarry. 



The quarry of James Connor is north-west of that of Crowley's 

 and north-east of that of Hughes Brothers. Along the east-west 

 running face of the ledge, where worked, the top earth is only one foot 

 thick, and the top, quarry bed 2 feet thick, and the second course 2 

 feet 8 inches. The bottom is a gray, seamy limestone, which is 

 partly used for building purposes. There are two derricks here. 

 The drainage is natural. The blocks are carted to Syracuse, and they 

 go into canal locks and house trimmings. 



J. J. McLean's quarry is north-west of the last described, and 

 about 500 feet distant. The earth covering of the strata here is 1 to 

 2 feet thick, and the strata are horizontal. One main system of 

 joints runs east and west. Only a few feet, at the top, are quarried 

 for lock construction. One derrick is used. 



The total area quarried over in these several openings on Shonnard 

 Hill is at least ten acres. About fifty men are employed on an 

 average. There is no water to be raised and no pumping, and the 

 work continues during the whole year. The stone is carted to 

 Syracuse, although the railroad line is within two miles to the north. 

 The formation is known as the " Onondaga gray limestone," and the 

 geological horizon is that of the Upper Helderberg period. 



To the east of this group of quarries, as now opened, and a few 

 rods only from the roadside, is the quarry of Cornelius Crowley. 

 The beds at this place dip 5° to 7° north-east. Two courses or beds 

 only are taken off and they are used for canal locks. The bottom is 

 gray, seamy rock. Still further to the east, and north of the road a 



