The Adirondack Region — Magnetic Iron Ores. 29 



roof in the south workings of 21 dips at a moderately low angle 

 to the south-west. The extreme south-west face in this mine is 100 

 feet only horizontally from the Bonanza mine, but is 100 feet higher. 

 The roof is held up by large pillars of ore. The vertical depth of 

 the mine is 340 feet in Nolan's shaft and about 300 feet at the south- 

 west. As the foot wall is not yet reached, the whole vertical thick- 

 ness of the ore is not known. The ore is generally coarsely crystal- 

 line and contains scarcely any foreign minerals. Apatite occurs in 

 reddish grains to a considerable extent in some of the Nolan shaft 

 ore, whence the name of "red ore." Some of the most beautiful 

 cabinet specimens of splendent, crystalline masses of magnetite 

 are found in this mine. A large part of the rich ore is sold for 

 "fettling" in puddling furnaces. 



BONANZA SHAFT is on the property of Witherbees, Sherman 

 & Company, 300 feet south of 21 pit. It is vertical to the ore, 

 then it runs at an angle of about 40° in a south-west course. The 

 limit of working is at least 150 feet beyond the foot of the shaft. 

 The roof is clean and dips 10° south-west. No foot wall has yet 

 been reached. The ore is stoped down from the roof, then quarried 

 back in benches, 10 ft. thick, to the foot of the incline. Pillars 40 to 

 50 feet square are left to support the roof. The ore is, in general, 

 coarse-crystalline, resembling that of mine 21, and also that of the 

 Little Joker shaft. 



THE LITTLE JOKER SHAFT is about 400 feet south of the 

 Bonanza. It was sunk seven years ago. For a distance of 90 feet 

 it passes through drift earth. It descends at a steep angle to the 

 south-west, and bottoms in the ore. There are two levels, 100 feet 

 apart, vertically. The roof has an average dip of 20° to the south- 

 west, varying, however, considerably on account of the rolls in it. 

 The foot wall found north of the foot of the slope shows a steep, 

 southward dip, indicating a great thickness of ore. The bottom is 

 over 500 feet below the surface and over 200 feet lower than the 

 floor of the Bonanza. The vertical thickness of the ore in this mine 

 exceeds 100 feet everywhere, and the maximum is yet unknown. 

 The workings are of much greater extent than in the Bonanza mine. 

 Mine 21, Bonanza, and Little Joker are, apparently, all openings in 

 one continuous ore-body or in connected shoots of the same vein. 

 The rapid extension of the limits of these mines will soon connect 

 their workings and show their true relation to one another. The 



