38 Bulletin of the New York State Museum. 



There are two companies at work, viz. : the J. & J. Kogers Iron 

 Company and the Peru Steel Ore Company (limited). The Big pit 

 is the principal mine of the first named company. Its slope is 1,500 

 feet long and 400 feet deep, vertically. The extent of the opening 

 on the course of the ore, from the Big pit, north-east to the opening 

 on lot No. 29, is abont 2,000 feet. The shoots of ore pitch to the 

 north at a low angle. The dip varies on account of rolls in the 

 walls, and in places, the ore stands almost vertical. A notable feature 

 is in the cutting of the ore by dikes. The largest is 16 feet wide, and 

 is traced across both companies' mines and in an easterly course on 

 the slope of the hill. Another, five feet wide, thinning out west in 

 the open cut, crosses the mine of the Peru Company, near their 

 engine house. The larger part of the ore is fine-granular and car- 

 ries some vitreous quartz, orthoclase and a greenish mineral. The 

 coarser-crystalline variety has orthoclase with the* magnetite. No 

 apatite is found and little pyrite. In the mass it has a bluish shatie ; 

 crushed, the powder is red. An analysis, communicated by Hon. H. 

 D. Graves, president of the company, gives: 



Metallic iron 51.47 



Oxygen 19.62 



Alumina 1.86 



Lime .08 



Magnesia _ _ 62 



Water ._. .43 



Phosphoric acid ._ ._ 042 



Silica 25.42 



99.542 



The ore is run down a gravity road to the dump, south of the 

 mine ; thence it is carted to the separating works on a stream near 

 Au Sable Forks. It is all roasted and separated, and is made into 

 billets in the Catalan forges of the company at Black Brook, Au 

 Sable Forks, and at Jay.* The product is sold to makers of crucible 

 steel ; nearly all of it goes to Pittsburgh, Penn. This mine was 

 opened about the year 1844. The total output amounts to nearly 

 1,000,000 tons of ore. 



*This company owns 80,000 acres of land in Essex and Clinton counties and uses 

 annually 1,000,000 bushels of charcoal, for which about 1,000 acres of wood have to 

 be cut over. In their separating works Blake crushers and stamps reduce the ore ; 

 the separating- is done by means of jigs. 



