52 Bulletin of the New York State Museum. 



ore in the surface layer are of a deep brownish-red color and 

 make an excellent paint material. The bedded ore has a steel- 

 blue shade, and is a strongly cemented mass of lenticular and 

 ovoidal grains, which are much larger than those of the Oneida 

 county ore. The crushed powder is red and stains as a paint. In 

 working, the cap rock is broken up by drills and by powder. The 

 ore is hard and must be blasted, to break it into blocks for handling. 

 One pump raises the water from the whole mine, whose length of 

 face is now 100 rods. A branch track from the E.. W. & O. E. 

 E. runs into the mine. The ore is shipped to Charlotte, Syracuse, 

 Elmira and other points. Its percentage of phosphorus is high. It 

 is made into foundry iron. The westernmost mine is near the west 

 line of this town. A branch railway runs into it, but it is not worked. 

 The Ontario mines were first opened fifty years ago.* They have 

 produced a large amount of ore (at the rate of 4,000 tons a month 

 in some years). Work was suspended in the spring of 1888 and 

 resumed in November of same year. 



V -THE LIM0NITES OF DUTCHESS AND COLUMBIA 



COUNTIES. 



MASE'S MINE, Fishkill, Dutchess County.— A bed of brown 

 hematite, two miles south of Fishkill village, was opened by S. H. 

 Mase, of Matteawan, in 1885, and some ore raised. 



SHENANDOAH MINE, East Fishkill, Dutchess County.— The 

 Shenandoah mine has not been worked since 1879, when it was re- 

 opened and, after an unsuccessful attempt to find ore in quantity to 

 justify further mining, was abandoned. The locality is three miles 

 from the N. Y. & N. E. E. E. line at Stormville. 



SYLVAN LAKE MINES, Beekman, Dutchess County.— Four 

 mines are opened in the valley of the Fishkill Creek, near Sylvan 

 Lake. On the north-west the Horton Mine, which has been idle 

 for years ; south of the Horton is the old Fishkill Company's pits, not 

 worked in forty years ; next, eastward and on the south side of the 

 lake, the Fishkill mine of A. Tower, of Poughkeepsie, and adjoining 

 it, to the north-east, the Sylvan Lake Mine. The Fishkill Mine 

 is the only one which has been in operation for the past six years. It 



*See report by Prof. James Hall on the Fourth Geological District, Albany, 1843, 

 pp. 60-62 and 419. 



