Limonites of Dutchess and Columbia Counties. 55 



stone has been met with on the east side of the pit ; also in the west 

 and south-west of the present working, and on a higher level. A 

 horizontal drift on the west was cut 92 feet into the ore and no wall 

 was reached. The overlying blue and }^ellow ochreous earths ("or 

 ochres," of the miners) stand up well when not weighted by too much 

 top earth. The ore is compact and must be blasted down. In 

 places the "ochres" occur in irregular-shaped masses, with the ore, and 

 to such an extent as to make their removal add largely to the 

 expenses of working. The ore is hoisted in cars and is sorted into 

 lump and wash ore. The mining plant consists of one 40-horse-power 

 engine, three boilers, two pumps and one Newbold washer. The ore 

 is carted to Clove Spring Iron Works station, and thence shipped to 

 Copake Iron Works. This mine is owned by Hon. Frederick Miles, 

 of Salisbury, Conn., who purchased it in October, 1888. It was first 

 opened in 1871 and was worked several years for the supply of the 

 Clove Spring Iron Works. The total production is estimated to be 

 150,000 tons. 



PAWLING MINE, Pawling, Dutchess County. — The Pawling 

 mine is two and a half miles west-north-west of the village of Pawl- 

 ing, and at the eastern foot of a ridge of mica-schist rock. This rock 

 bounds the ore body on the west ; on the east, limestone strata crop 

 out near the mine. The mine was first opened in 1870, and was 

 worked as an open pit until 1884 ; from that time till the stoppage 

 in the autumn of 1888 the workings were underground. The two 

 main openings are on the opposite sides of the Poughquag turnpike, 

 but the ore has been exploited for a distance of 1,200 feet to the 

 north-east. The greatest depth reached was 130 feet. The mining 

 plant includes, in addition to office and houses, one 80-horse power 

 engine, with two drums, three boilers and four pumps, and a Carter 

 washer. The ore contains, according to an analysis communicated 

 by the company : 



Metallic iron 46.45 per cent. 



Silica - 14.10 



Phosphorus - 0.37 



Sulphur - -- 0.007 



Manganese - 1.816 



Alumina 3.506 



The ore was carted to Pawling, and shipped thence to the owner's 

 furnace, Millerton Iron Company, Irondale. 



