182 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



of the railroad track about 1000 feet from the yard. Tempering 

 is done in ring pits ; the bricks are molded in soft mud machines 

 and dried on an open yard. Burning is done in scove kilns. 

 The product is shipped to various towns along the line of the 

 railroad in 'New Jersey. 



Cold Spring, Putnam Co. A brick yard was in operation north 

 of this town for a number of years, but has been shut down on 

 account of the clay giving out. ^ 



Storm Xing, Dutchess Co. About 1000 feet north of the 

 station is a clay deposit, chiefly yellow clay. It is worked by 

 Mosher Bros. The bank has slid considerably ; it has a vertical 

 height of 50 to 60 feet. 



Cornwall on Hxidson, Orange Co. C. A. & A. P. Hedges are 

 the only brick manufacturers here. Their yard is situated on the 

 "West Shore Railroad about a mile north of Cornwall station. 

 They have 27 acres of clay land. Blue and yellow clay are 

 found in the bank, the main portion of which is covered by delta 

 deposits of Moodna River. The clay layers are much compressed 

 in places, making it difBcult to excavate and necessitating the 

 use of picks. The bank is worked in benches and the clay has to 

 be hauled about 300 feet to the machines. The stripped sand 

 can be used for tempering. Many bricks are shipped to points 

 on the ISTew York, Ontario and Western Railroad. 



New Windsor, Orange Co. There are six yards here. They 

 obtain their clay from the escarpment of a terrace 110 feet high. 

 Their clay is both blue and yellow. Streaks of quicksand occur 

 in the blue. The yellow is dry and tough, and has to be 

 worked by undermining. In thickness the clay varies from 20 to 

 60 feet; the layers are in many places contorted, and in some 

 cases the stratification has been obliterated. Overlying the clay 

 is gravel and sand ; the latter is used for tempering. Most of 

 the E^ew Windsor clay permits the addition of very little water 

 in tempering. Ring pits and Adam machines are used at these 

 yards. The yards are all situated along the river and ship their 

 product on barges or by the West Shore Railroad. 



Dutchess Junction, Dutchess Co. There are several brick manu- 

 facturing firms having yards along the river south of Dutchess 

 Junction i^see table Ko. 1). They obtain their clay from the escarp- 



