BEIOK YARDS 185 



just west of tlie yard. There is a considerable stripping of fine 

 sand and the clay slides quite easily. It is dug at any convenient 

 point of the bank. The overlying sand can Ue used for temper- 

 ing and molding. Oil is used for burning the bricks. A short 

 distance farther south along the river is J. Kline's yard. He 

 obtains his clay from various points in the terrace escarpment 

 and in some cases hauls it nearly a quarter mile. Mr Kline has 

 made borings at various points along the river and the terrace 

 and in the escarpment in the vicinity of his yard and claims that 

 at none of them has he found over 1 8 feet of clay. Beneath it 

 was hardpan. This would seem to indicate that the central mass 

 of the embankment is rock, overlain by hardpan, and that on this 

 the clay is laid down. In many places the clay is covered by 10 

 to 20 feet of fine stratified sand. 



The following is an analysis of the blue clay near Rondout 

 which is used for the manufacture of cement : 



Silica 57.8 



Peroxide of iron and alumina 22 . 6 



Lime . . , 4.85 



Magnesia 2 . 07 



"Water and alkalies . 12.68 



100.00 



East Kingston, Ulster Co. There are eight brick manufacturing 

 firms at this locality, viz. : Streeter & Hendrix, D. S. Manchester, 

 Brigham Bros., C. A. Schultz, A. S. Staples, R. Maine & Co., 

 Terry Bros, and W. Hutton, They all obtain their clay from the 

 terrace escarpment which extends from Glasco to Rondout, 

 (For thickness of clay see table.) At Street & Hendrix's yard 

 the clay lies some 300 yards from the river. They obtain their 

 tempering sand from Wilbur. Manchester's bank is similar. At 

 Brigham Bros.' yard the clay is yellow, being weathered clear 

 through to its base. It has a thickness of 10 feet and rests on an 

 uneven ridge of shale. On account of its toughness it is worked 

 by undermining, as is the case with other yards along here where 

 clay is being dug. C. A. Schultz has an exposure of clay 80 feet 

 thick, overlaid in spots by sand that can be used for tempering, 

 Next on the south is A. S. Staples' yard. The bank has been 

 24 



