186 NEW YORK STATE M^JSEUM 



excavated to a lower level than the preceding one. The clay is 

 underlain by hardpan. R. Maine & Co. have five acres of clay 

 land. The terrace here is quite narrow. At Terry Bros', yard 

 the clay, which is mostly blue, has been excavated sufficiently to 

 expose the limestone against which the terrace lies. At Hutton's 

 yard the blue clay is exposed from eight feet above mean tide, to 

 110 feet above it; overlying this is 10 feet of yellow clay and then 

 15 feet of sand. It will be seen from the limits quoted above 

 and in the table, that the thickness of the clay between Glasco 

 and Rondout varies considerably, amounting to 120 feet in 

 places, while in others it is not over 15 or 20 feet. This is due 

 to the great irregularity of the underlying rock surface. 



Smithes Doeh, Ulster Co. The only yard here is that of Theo. 

 Brousseau. He has about 90 acres of clay land. The clay, which 

 is mined with plow and scrapers, is obtaine 1 from the terrace 

 east of the yard. It is mostly blue and covered by a few feet of 

 loam. The yard lies some 700 feet from the river and the 

 bricks are carted down to the dock. Brousseau's property 

 extends west to the West Shore Railroad and the farms 

 north and south of him are underlain by clay. 



Maiden, Ulster Co. The clay at Cooney & FarrelFs yard to 

 the north of the village is mostly yellow, and lies 10 to 20 feet 

 thick on the upturned edges of the Hudson River shales. This 

 yard was started in 1891. 



Glasco, Ulster Co. Washburn Bros. This firm is one of the 

 largest producers along the river having a yearly capacity of 

 50,000,000. They have about 150 acres of land, a large part of 

 it being situated along the river. Their clay is mostly blue and 

 rises in a bank to the height of 130 feet. It has been excavated 

 to eight feet above mean tide. The upper 10 feet is yellow sand ; 

 a thin strip of yellow clay separates it from the red. The lower 

 third of the bank is somewhat sandy, and the best results are 

 obtained by a mixture of the upper and lower portions of the 

 clay. Both pallets and open yards are used for drying ; 

 the former at the yard situated on the terrace. A short distance 

 below Washburn Bros, is F. M. Yan Dusen's yard. The clay is 

 blue 70 feet thick and is underlain by shale whose surface is gla- 

 ciated. Several feet of loam overlie the clay. Tempering sand is 

 brought from Wilbur on Rondout creek. J. Porter's yard 



