BRICK TAKDS 189 



is fairly dry, is mined with plows and scrapers. It is blue and 

 yellow, from 70 to 80 feet thick, overlaid by two feet of loam, 

 and underlain by grayish black sand. 



W. E. Bartletfs brick yard is also situated along the shore, 

 about one quarter mile north of Hudson. The clay is similar to 

 that farther down at Fitzgerald's. Scrubby pines cover the sur- 

 face at this locality. The bank is worked in benches. Ring pits 

 are used for tempering. 



Stuyvesant, Columbia Co. Walsh Bros, have two yards 

 situated along the river midway between Stuyvesant and Cox- 

 sackie. All the clay thus far mined is yellow in color, very tough 

 and unstratified. It is worked by picks and carted down to the 

 yards. The bank which is 30 feet in height is located on the 

 hillside some 500 feet east of the yard. It is probably underlain 

 by the sand and gravel which crops out in the terrace escarp- 

 ment behind the yard, and which is used for tempering. 



Coxsachie, Greene Co. There is only one yard here, that of F. 

 W. E'oble. It is situated at an elevation of 100 feet above the river, 

 and about a quarter mile north of the village. The clay bank 

 adjoins the yard and is 35 feet high. Both blue and yellow 

 clay are used. Shale underlies it. The clay is quite dry and is 

 broken up by undermining. Soak pits are used for tempering. 

 There is an exposure of blue clay in the terrace escarpment 

 south of Coxsackie. 



Athens, Greene Co. Of the three yards at this locality, situated 

 about half a mile north of the village and adjoining each other, 

 only two are running. The most southern one is that of William 

 Ryder, situated 80 feet above tide level and about 500 feet from 

 the river. Mr. Ryder owns 12 acres of clay land. The clay 

 which has not been excavated below the level of the yard runs 

 up to 125 feet above mean tide, and is both blue and yellow with 

 about six feet of loam covering. A well was sunk 18 feet below 

 the level of the yard, without reaching bottom. The clay is 

 mined by plows and scrapers. The upper six feet of loam are 

 mixed with the clay. The bricks when taken from the kilns are 

 sent on cars down to the shore, where they are loaded on barges 

 for shipment to New York City. Adjoining this yard on the 

 north is that of Mr. Porter, not being worked. A few hundred 

 feet north of this, on the south side of Murder Creek, is the yard 



