BKICK YARDS 199 



Both soft and stiff mud machines are used and burning is done in 

 scove kilns. 



Deerjield, Oneida Co. G, F. Weaver's Sons' yard is located on 

 the Mohawk river about one quarter mile from the ISTew York 

 Central Railroad depot. Their clay deposit is about 40 acres in 

 extent, and has been worked to a depth of 10 feet. 



South Bay. C. Stephens has a brick and tile works at this 

 town. The clay deposit is from 20 to 25 feet deep and underlies 

 a tract of 800 acres bordering on Oneida Lake. Underlying the 

 clay is a fine and closely cemented blue gravel. The Elmira, 

 Cortland and Northern Railroad passes through the property. 

 Chiefly drain tile are manufactured. These works were estab- 

 lished in the spring of 1891. 



Ganastota, Madison Co. M. Ballou has a brick yard at this 

 locality. 



Syracuse, Onondaga Co. At the northeast end of the town is 

 an extensive deposit of clay, underlying the low lands at the end 

 of Onondaga Lake. It is worked by several brick manufacturers. 

 The yards are mostly on Seventh North St. The first is that of 

 T. Nolan, a horse-power yard; adjoining him is the yard of 

 Preston Bros., also a horse-power yard. Next comes F. H. Ken- 

 nedy, at whose yard the bricks are molded by hand. C. H. 

 Merrick have a steam-power yard on S. Salina, and farther out on 

 the Cicero plankroad are the brick works of J. Brophy, 



The clay is stratified, red above and blue below. In the center 

 of the flat land it runs seven to 10 feet deep, while at the edges it 

 thins out to two feet. It is underlain by sand and gravel. 



New York Paving Brick Co. This company has its works at 

 Geddes near Syracuse and obtains its clay from a point called 

 Three Rivers on the Syracuse and Oswego Railroad. The clay de- 

 posit is said to be 35 feet thick, and horizontally stratified. It is 

 blue with the upper portions weathered to red. The brick factory 

 is situated along tbe Erie Canal and the clay is brought by boat 

 and stored in heaps, which in winter are covered to prevent 

 freezing. Two Penfield soft mud machines with pug mills at- 

 tached are used for molding. Drying is done in tunnels heated 

 by coal fires. The green brick are nine inches long, but 

 when burnt shrink to seven and one half inches. Both 

 rectangular and cylindrical down-draft kilns are used. In addi- 



