222 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM: 



Pipe tile, plain cylinder. 



Flange-tile, like preceding but with flange at one end. 



It is considered by many that the best form of tile is the 

 sole-tile with an egg shaped section having the smallest 

 diameter across the bottom thereby keeping the water collected 

 in the smallest possible space and securing a good current to 

 carry off the sediment, The horseshoe-tile is objected to as it is 

 liable to break from the lateral pressure of the soil. In West- 

 chester county glazed sewer pipe are generally used for draining 

 the soil, but it is doubtful if there is any special advantage in 

 their use to warrant the use of this more expensive material. 

 In sizes the tiles range from two to 12 inches in diameter and 

 one to two feet in length. They are laid at varying distances 

 below the surface according to depth the ground is to be 

 drained. A drain is said to draw water from the soil on either 

 side for a distance of from 30 to 100 feet, according to depth of 

 drain and character of soil. 



The following firms in this State are making drain tile : 



Albany, Albany Co. The New York State Drain-tile Works 

 are large producers. The drain-tile are made in numerous sizes. 

 Hudson river clay is used. Front brick are manufactured. 



Chittenango, Madison Co. Central N. Y. Drain Tile and Brick 

 Co. Only tile manufactured at present. The plant is located 

 about one mile from the N. Y. C. E,. R. and three-quarters of a 

 mile from the W. S. R. E.,, and a few rods south of the Erie 

 canal. The clay bed lies at the foot of the hill. There is no 

 stripping, and sand underlies the clay. The tiles are made with 

 horse power machinery, dried under sheds and burned in down 

 draft kilns. 



Alleri's Hill, Ontario Co. B. G. Abbey's are the only works 

 here. Few brick have been manufactured for several years, as 

 drain-tile are the chief production. After stripping a few inches 

 of soil the clay is mixed from top to bottom of the bank for use. 

 The bank is 20 to 25 feet in height, and the clay is blue in color, 

 becoming reddish gray near the surface. A small amount of 

 coal dust is added to the clay. The tiles are made in various 

 sizes. 



£,ast Bethany, Genesee Co. B. F. Peck manufactures brick and 

 drain-tile. The clay deposit worked is a portion of a strip one to 



