ROAD CONSTRUCTION IOI 



Where it is necessary to extend a drain to an outlet beyond the section 

 needed to be drained, you will lay the pipe with cement joints on such 

 extension, and omit the gravel or stone in the trench. 



Where a pipe is carried through a bank, the outlet must be protected 

 by masonry, as provided in pipe culverts. 



All pipe must be laid true to the line and grade, and no pipe is to be 

 laid on a grade of less than 3 inches in 100 feet. 



If in laying out a drain you find the trench is likely to exceed 5 feet in 

 depth below the finished grade, you will immediately report the condi- 

 tions in writing to the chief engineer. 



The center of the pipe in all drains will be placed 12 inches outside of 

 the line of broken stone. 



When the grade of the finished road is 3 inches or more to the 100 

 feet, the bottom of the drain trench must be 3^ feet below the finished 

 surface of the road at that part of the cross-section. 



The drain trench will be excavated to a width of 12 inches at the 

 bottom and 15 inches at the top, and should be excavated only as fast as 

 the drain can be finished. 



On the bottom of this trench you will place 2 inches of gravel or 

 broken stone which will pass through a 1% inch mesh and not through a 

 half inch mesh. 



All side drain pipe will be 5 inches salt-glazed vitrified clay pipe, 

 with bell and spigot joint (unless stated to the contrary in the specifi- 

 cation). 



The pipe is to be laid on the grade hereinbefore mentioned, with open 

 joints and the bell end toward the rising grade. 



Gravel or broken stone of the sizes already described will be filled 

 about the pipe and over it for a depth of 5 feet. This must be carefully 

 tamped about and rammed over the pipe. The remainder of the trench 

 is to be filled with stone which will pass through a 3 inch and not 

 through a 1 inch mesh. Great care must be taken to prevent any sand, 

 silt or earth from getting into the pipe or the interstices of the stone in 

 the* trench. - 



The sub-grade of the road is to have a regular slope to the edge of 

 the drain. 



Gutters. Paved gutters will be built where directed by the chief 

 engineer. 



No gutter is to be laid until after the broken stone has been rolled. 



In no case is the roller to pass over any part of any paved gutter. 



Gutters not exceeding 400 feet in length shall be 3 feet wide with a 

 shoulder 1 foot wide and a dish of 3 inches. 



Gutters exceeding 400 feet in length shall increase the dish above this 

 length at the rate of 1 inch to each 300 feet. 



All stone used in gutters shall be rounded field, bank or river stone ; 

 no flat, shaky or rotten stone shall be used. 



The stone may on the average lay from 4 to 6 square yards to the ton. 

 A cubic yard may be estimated to weigh \yi tons. 



The larger selected stone will be laid in the gutter itself and on the 

 edges to a true line and grade, with the largest diameters lengthwise of 

 the road. All other stone will be laid with the longest diameters across 

 the gutter. 



