TABLE OF CONTENTS 



PAGE 



Preface 5 



Distribution and origin of salt . . 7 



Composition of sea water 8 



Deposition of salt beds 9 



Salt in New York State 14 



Development of the Onondaga salt field 16 



Discovery of rock salt 19 



Geology of the salt and gypsum. 22 



Extract from the report of D. D. Luther on the Livonia 



shaft 26 



Altitude of the salt beds 31 



Well boring and tubing 33 



Mining of rock salt , , 36 



Table of analyses face p. 38 



Manufacture of salt in the State of New York 38 



1 Solar evaporation 39 



Salt aprons 43 



( Pan process 45 



2 Direct fire evaporation •< Lewis process 49 



( Kettle process 49 



c. . ( Kettle with steam jacket. . <^6 



3 Steam evaporation < . J ° 



( Grainer process 55 



4 Vacuum pan evaporation 61 



Comparison of brines and processes 61 



Brine table face p. 62 



Statistics of production 68 



List of salt companies 68 



Table of salt production on the Onondaga Reserva- 

 tion face page 68 



The gypsum industry in New York 70 



Description of gypsum quarries 72 



Annual production of gypsum 81 



Uses of gypsum 82 



