38 BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



or by building dykes. In the first of these the water stands 

 for a time in order that all material in suspension may settle. 

 From the settling tank the water flows into smaller basins 

 where, by evaporation, the salt crystallizes out. Salt may 

 also be separated from sea water by the application of the 

 principle that at a temperature of i° below the freezing 

 point of water, brine separates into ice which is nearly pure 

 and a strong fluid brine. If the ice be removed and the 

 remaining fluid be allowed to freeze again, another portion 

 of the water separates as ice and there finally remains a brine 

 from which salt separates after slight evaporation. In order 

 to procure a cleaner product before evaporation the brine 

 may be purified with lime, by which the salts of magnesia 

 are decomposed. The separation of salt from sea water by 

 the aid of fuel is carried on in Normandy and also at several 

 places in England, at Ulverstone, Lancashire, at Lymington 

 on the coast of Hampshire and on the Isle of Wight. 



According to Charles A. Goessman all known brines as 

 well as rock salt may be divided into two classes, those which 

 contain besides common salt, chloride of calcium, chloride 

 of magnesium, and sulphate of calcium and those which 

 contain only chloride of magnesium and chloride of calcium, 

 sulphate of magnesia and sulphate of soda All brines 

 east of the Mississippi including those of Goderich belong 

 to the i st class, while the 2nd class occurs in Nebraska. Sea 

 water also belongs to the 1st class. Sulphate of lime and 

 soda within proper limits are far less objectionable than 

 chlorides of lime or magnesia. The brines of Syracuse, 

 Goderich and Saltville, Va., contain less of the latter than 

 those of Michigan, Ohio and Pennsylvania. 



THE MANUFACTURE OF SALT IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 

 By Fi E. Englehardt, Ph. D 



The practical manufacture of salt from salt brines in the 

 state of New York dates from the year 1788, when an 

 Indian discovered to Col. Comfort Tyler a salt spring at 



