MANUFACTURE OF SALT IN NEW YORK 39 



the foot of Salina heights now in the city of Syracuse. 

 Col. Tyler commenced at once the manufacture of salt. 

 In the same year, on September 12, the Onondagas sold to 

 the state of New York the so-called " Salt Reservation," 

 comprising the lands for one mile round Onondaga lake, 

 for the purpose of making salt. Thus the state became the 

 owner of the lands and the salt brine. In the year 1793 

 the first laws regulating the manufacture of salt were 

 passed and William Stephens was appointed the first 

 superintendent of the "Onondaga Salt Springs." In the 

 same year the first arch with four potash kettles was 

 erected by William Van Fleck and Moses De Witt. 

 Strange as it may seem, the same method for the manufac- 

 ture of boiled salt is practiced to-day on the Reservation, 

 with this difference, that now one arch contains from 30 to 

 50 kettles and that there are two arches. The next method 

 for the manufacture of salt was brought from the sea coast 

 of Massachusetts in the year 1821-22. It was the manu- 

 facture of a coarse salt by solar evaporation in shallow 

 wooden vats. When, in the western part of the state, rock 

 salt was discovered in 1878 the Michigan Grainer and the 

 European pan soon made their appearance. 



The processes employed to-day in the manufacture of salt 

 in the state of New York are as follows : 



1 Solar evaporation. 



t^. .. ( Pan process 



2 Direct fire evaporation. -J r 



( Kettle process 



Ct .. ( Kettle with steam jacket 



3 Steam evaporation. < ' 



( Grainer process 



4 Vacuum pan evaporation. 



I SOLAR EVAPORATION 



The manufacture of solar salt, or as it is often called, 

 coarse salt, is carried on in shallow wooden vats which, in 

 order to protect the contents against rain, are provided 

 with movable wooden covers, running- on wooden rollers. 

 At the end of the season the wooden rollers are removed 

 and the covers or roofs fastened securely on the vats. 



